Department of Psychology, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
Emotion. 2011 Aug;11(4):990-3. doi: 10.1037/a0022576.
Prior research suggested that pride is recognized only when a head and facial expression (e.g., tilted head with a slight smile) is combined with a postural expression (e.g., expanded body and arm gestures). However, these studies used static photographs. In the present research, participants labeled the emotion conveyed by four dynamic cues to pride, presented as video clips: head and face alone, body posture alone, voice alone, and an expression in which head and face, body posture, and voice were presented simultaneously. Participants attributed pride to the head and face alone, even when postural or vocal information was absent. Pride can be conveyed without body posture or voice.
先前的研究表明，只有当头部和面部表情（例如，倾斜的头部和微微的微笑）与姿势表情（例如，展开的身体和手臂姿势）结合在一起时，才能识别出骄傲。然而，这些研究使用的是静态照片。在本研究中，参与者通过四个骄傲的动态线索的视频片段来标记情绪：只有头部和面部、只有身体姿势、只有声音，以及同时呈现头部和面部、身体姿势和声音的表情。参与者认为只有头部和面部就可以传达骄傲，即使没有姿势或声音信息。骄傲可以在没有身体姿势或声音的情况下传达。
