Pak1 调节黏附强度、肌球蛋白 IIA 分布和肌动蛋白动力学,从而优化细胞迁移。
Pak1 regulates focal adhesion strength, myosin IIA distribution, and actin dynamics to optimize cell migration.
机构信息
Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
出版信息
J Cell Biol. 2011 Jun 27;193(7):1289-303. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201010059.
Cell motility requires the spatial and temporal coordination of forces in the actomyosin cytoskeleton with extracellular adhesion. The biochemical mechanism that coordinates filamentous actin (F-actin) assembly, myosin contractility, adhesion dynamics, and motility to maintain the balance between adhesion and contraction remains unknown. In this paper, we show that p21-activated kinases (Paks), downstream effectors of the small guanosine triphosphatases Rac and Cdc42, biochemically couple leading-edge actin dynamics to focal adhesion (FA) dynamics. Quantitative live cell microscopy assays revealed that the inhibition of Paks abolished F-actin flow in the lamella, displaced myosin IIA from the cell edge, and decreased FA turnover. We show that, by controlling the dynamics of these three systems, Paks regulate the protrusive activity and migration of epithelial cells. Furthermore, we found that expressing Pak1 was sufficient to overcome the inhibitory effects of excess adhesion strength on cell motility. These findings establish Paks as critical molecules coordinating cytoskeletal systems for efficient cell migration.
细胞迁移需要细胞骨架中的肌动球蛋白与细胞外黏附在空间和时间上的协调作用。将丝状肌动蛋白(F-actin)组装、肌球蛋白收缩、黏附动力学和运动协调起来以维持黏附和收缩之间平衡的生化机制尚不清楚。在本文中,我们表明,p21 激活激酶(Paks)是小 GTP 酶 Rac 和 Cdc42 的下游效应物,在生化上把前缘肌动蛋白动力学与焦点黏附(FA)动力学联系起来。定量活细胞显微镜检测显示,Paks 的抑制消除了薄片中的 F-actin 流,将肌球蛋白 IIA 从细胞边缘位移,并减少了 FA 的周转率。我们表明,通过控制这三个系统的动力学,Paks 调节上皮细胞的突起活性和迁移。此外,我们发现表达 Pak1 足以克服过多黏附强度对细胞迁移的抑制作用。这些发现确立了 Paks 作为协调细胞骨架系统以实现有效细胞迁移的关键分子。
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