Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
Front Immunol. 2023 Jul 21;14:1182180. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182180. eCollection 2023.
Invariant chain (Ii, CD74) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that acts as a chaperone and facilitates the folding and transport of MHC II chains. By assisting the assembly and subcellular targeting of MHC II complexes, Ii has a wide impact on the functions of antigen-presenting cells such as antigen processing, endocytic maturation, signal transduction, cell migration, and macropinocytosis. Ii is a multifunctional molecule that can alter endocytic traffic and has several interacting molecules. To understand more about Ii's function and to identify further Ii interactors, a yeast two-hybrid screening was performed. Retinoic Acid-Induced 14 (Rai14) was detected as a putative interaction partner, and the interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Rai14 is a poorly characterized protein, which is believed to have a role in actin cytoskeleton and membrane remodeling. In line with this, we found that Rai14 localizes to membrane ruffles, where it forms macropinosomes. Depletion of Rai14 in antigen-presenting cells delays MHC II internalization, affecting macropinocytic activity. Intriguingly, we demonstrated that, similar to Ii, Rai14 is a positive regulator of macropinocytosis and a negative regulator of cell migration, two antagonistic processes in antigen-presenting cells. This antagonism is known to depend on the interaction between myosin II and Ii. Here, we show that Rai14 also binds to myosin II, suggesting that Ii, myosin II, and Rai14 work together to coordinate macropinocytosis and cell motility.
不变链 (Ii, CD74) 是一种 II 型跨膜糖蛋白,作为伴侣蛋白,促进 MHC II 链的折叠和转运。通过协助 MHC II 复合物的组装和亚细胞定位,Ii 广泛影响抗原呈递细胞的功能,如抗原加工、内吞成熟、信号转导、细胞迁移和巨胞饮。Ii 是一种多功能分子,可改变内吞作用的运输途径,并有几个相互作用的分子。为了更好地了解 Ii 的功能并鉴定更多的 Ii 相互作用蛋白,进行了酵母双杂交筛选。发现视黄酸诱导蛋白 14 (Rai14) 是一个假定的相互作用伙伴,通过共免疫沉淀实验证实了该相互作用。Rai14 是一种特征尚不明确的蛋白,被认为在肌动蛋白细胞骨架和膜重塑中发挥作用。与此一致,我们发现 Rai14 定位于膜皱襞,在那里形成大胞饮体。在抗原呈递细胞中敲低 Rai14 会延迟 MHC II 的内化,影响巨胞饮活性。有趣的是,我们证明,与 Ii 相似,Rai14 是巨胞饮的正调节剂和细胞迁移的负调节剂,这是抗原呈递细胞中两种拮抗过程。这种拮抗作用已知依赖于肌球蛋白 II 和 Ii 之间的相互作用。在这里,我们表明 Rai14 也与肌球蛋白 II 结合,提示 Ii、肌球蛋白 II 和 Rai14 共同作用,以协调巨胞饮和细胞运动。