Ottawa Medical Physics Institute, Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Phys Med Biol. 2011 Jul 21;56(14):4377-97. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/14/010. Epub 2011 Jun 27.
A key requirement for the development of the field of medical x-ray scatter imaging is accurate characterization of the differential scattering cross sections of tissues and phantom materials. The coherent x-ray scattering form factors of five tissues (fat, muscle, liver, kidney, and bone) obtained from butcher shops, four plastics (polyethylene, polystyrene, lexan (polycarbonate), nylon), and water have been measured using an energy-dispersive technique. The energy-dispersive technique has several improvements over traditional diffractometer measurements. Most notably, the form factor is measured on an absolute scale with no need for scaling factors. Form factors are reported in terms of the quantity x = λ(-1)sin (θ/2) over the range 0.363-9.25 nm(-1). The coherent form factors of muscle, liver, and kidney resemble those of water, while fat has a narrower peak at lower x, and bone is more structured. The linear attenuation coefficients of the ten materials have also been measured over the range 30-110 keV and parameterized using the dual-material approach with the basis functions being the linear attenuation coefficients of polymethylmethacrylate and aluminum.
医学 X 射线散射成象领域发展的一个关键要求是准确描述组织和模拟材料的微分散射截面。我们采用能量色散技术测量了从肉店购买的五种组织（脂肪、肌肉、肝脏、肾脏和骨骼）、四种塑料（聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯和尼龙）和水的相干 X 射线散射形式因子。与传统的衍射仪测量相比，能量色散技术具有多项改进。最值得注意的是，形式因子是在绝对标度上测量的，不需要比例因子。在 0.363-9.25nm(-1)的范围内，我们以 x = λ(-1)sin (θ/2)的形式报告了形式因子。肌肉、肝脏和肾脏的相干形式因子与水相似，而脂肪在较低的 x 处具有较窄的峰，骨骼则更具结构。我们还在 30-110keV 的范围内测量了十种材料的线性衰减系数，并使用双材料方法进行参数化，基函数为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和铝的线性衰减系数。
