Ekundayo C A, Idzi E
Department of Botany, University of Benin, Nigeria.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1990 Jul;40(3):215-22. doi: 10.1007/BF01104145.
Thirteen fungi were isolated from mouldy shelled melon seeds. The fungi more frequently isolated included species of Mucor (11.25%), Rhizopus (13.75%), Aspergillus (36.25%), Macrophoma (2.50%), Penicillium (8.75%), Alternaria (5.00%), Fusarium (8.75%), Botrytis (6.25%), Torula (3.75%) and Geotrichum (3.75%). Healthy, shelled melon seeds inoculated with Fusarium solani for 7 or 14 days caused increases in the free fatty acid (f.f.a.) content of the healthy seeds from an initial value of 1.06% to 2.19% after 7 days and 4.23% after 14 days. Similar results were obtained when other fungal isolates were used as inocula but Fusarium solani effected the greatest increase in the f.f.a. content followed by Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum. The fungi also caused decreases in the crude protein from 35.51% to 25.16%, crude fibre from 4.30% to 1.35% and total carbohydrate content from 4.28% to 3.01% of the seeds after 14 days infection. Aflatoxin was detected (0.20 micron/g) in the infected seeds being sold in the markets and also from seeds inoculated with spores (0.40 micron/g) of A/ flavus and 0.50 micron/g) from a mixture of spores of various Aspergillus strains after incubation for 14 days.
从发霉的带壳瓜子中分离出13种真菌。分离频率较高的真菌包括毛霉属（11.25%）、根霉属（13.75%）、曲霉属（36.25%）、大茎点霉属（2.50%）、青霉属（8.75%）、链格孢属（5.00%）、镰刀菌属（8.75%）、葡萄孢属（6.25%）、球拟酵母属（3.75%）和地霉属（3.75%）。用茄病镰刀菌接种健康带壳瓜子7天或14天，会使健康种子中的游离脂肪酸（f.f.a.）含量从初始值1.06%增加到7天后的2.19%和14天后的4.23%。当使用其他分离出的真菌作为接种物时也得到了类似结果，但茄病镰刀菌使f.f.a.含量增加最多，其次是黑曲霉和点青霉。这些真菌在感染14天后还会使种子中的粗蛋白含量从35.51%降至25.16%，粗纤维含量从4.30%降至1.35%，总碳水化合物含量从4.28%降至3.01%。在市场上销售的受感染种子中检测到了黄曲霉毒素（0.20微克/克），在用黄曲霉孢子接种的种子（0.40微克/克）以及在孵育14天后用各种曲霉菌株的孢子混合物接种的种子（0.50微克/克）中也检测到了黄曲霉毒素。
