Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station ART, CH-8046 Zürich, Switzerland.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Aug 15;45(16):6752-60. doi: 10.1021/es200567b. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
Isoflavones and coumestrol (COU) are estrogenic compounds that are naturally produced by plants (e.g., red clover, soybeans). Although these compounds have been extensively studied in food and feed, only little is known about their environmental fate. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence of isoflavones (formononetin, daidzein, equol, biochanin A, and genistein) and COU over 3.5 years in red clover, manure, and soil of a grassland field with and without manure application, as well as their emission via drainage water. Isoflavones were regularly quantified in plant (≤ 15 × 10(6) ng/g(dry weight (dw))), manure (≤ 230 × 10(3) ng/g(dw)), soil (≤ 3.4 × 10(3) ng/g(dw)), and drainage water samples (≤ 3.6 × 10(3) ng/L). In contrast, COU was observed only in manure and soil. Cumulative isoflavone loads emitted via drainage water were around 0.2 × 10(-3) kg/ha/y, which is very little compared to the amounts present in red clover (105-220 kg/ha/y), manure (0.5-1.0 kg/ha/y), and soil (0.1-5.1 kg/ha/y). Under good agricultural practice, no additional emission of isoflavones into drainage water was observed after manure application. With calculated 17β-estradiol equivalents up to 0.46 ng/L in drainage water, isoflavones can constitute a dominant and ecotoxicological relevant portion of the total estrogenicity in small rural river catchments.
染料木黄酮和香豆雌酚（COU）是植物中天然产生的雌激素化合物（如红三叶草、大豆）。尽管这些化合物在食品和饲料中已经得到了广泛的研究，但对它们的环境命运却知之甚少。因此，我们在 3.5 年内调查了红三叶草、粪便和草地土壤中染料木黄酮（芒柄花素、大豆苷元、黄豆黄素、染料木素和染料木苷）和 COU 的出现情况，以及它们通过排水水排放的情况。植物（≤15×10^6 ng/g（干重（dw）））、粪便（≤230×10^3 ng/g（dw））、土壤（≤3.4×10^3 ng/g（dw））和排水水样品（≤3.6×10^3 ng/L）中定期定量测定染料木黄酮。相比之下，仅在粪便和土壤中观察到 COU。通过排水水排放的累积染料木黄酮负荷约为 0.2×10^-3 kg/ha/y，与红三叶草（105-220 kg/ha/y）、粪便（0.5-1.0 kg/ha/y）和土壤（0.1-5.1 kg/ha/y）中的含量相比非常少。在良好的农业实践下，粪便施用后，排水水中没有观察到染料木黄酮的额外排放。通过计算，排水水中 17β-雌二醇当量高达 0.46 ng/L，染料木黄酮可以构成小农村河流集水区总雌激素中占主导地位且具有生态毒理学相关性的部分。
