Physiology and Experimental Medicine Research Program, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Cell Biosci. 2011 May 24;1(1):20. doi: 10.1186/2045-3701-1-20.
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in initiating immune responses and maintaining immune tolerance. In addition to playing a role in thymic selection, DCs play an active role in tolerance under steady state conditions through several mechanisms which are dependent on IL-10, TGF-β, retinoic acid, indoleamine-2,3,-dioxygenase along with vitamin D. Several of these mechanisms are employed by DCs in induction of regulatory T cells which are comprised of Tr1 regulatory T cells, natural and inducible foxp3+ regulatory T cells, Th3 regulatory T cells and double negative regulatory T cells. It appears that certain DC subsets are highly specialized in inducing regulatory T cell differentiation and in some tissues the local microenvironment plays a role in driving DCs towards a tolerogenic response. In this review we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying DC driven regulatory T cell induction.
树突状细胞（DCs）在启动免疫反应和维持免疫耐受中发挥着关键作用。除了在胸腺选择中发挥作用外，DCs 通过多种机制在稳态条件下发挥主动的耐受作用，这些机制依赖于 IL-10、TGF-β、视黄酸、吲哚胺 2,3,-双加氧酶以及维生素 D。这些机制中的几种被 DCs 用于诱导调节性 T 细胞，调节性 T 细胞包括 Tr1 调节性 T 细胞、天然和诱导型 foxp3+调节性 T 细胞、Th3 调节性 T 细胞和双阴性调节性 T 细胞。似乎某些 DC 亚群在诱导调节性 T 细胞分化方面具有高度特异性，并且在某些组织中，局部微环境在促使 DC 向耐受反应方向发展方面发挥作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了我们对 DC 驱动的调节性 T 细胞诱导的机制的理解的最新进展。
