Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2011 Jun;20(2):193-204. doi: 10.1017/s2045796011000254.
This article examines the extent of stigma and discrimination as reported by people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The hypothesis is that when people express in their own words the discrimination they experience such discrimination will be found to be widespread.
Seventy-five people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from 15 different countries were interviewed with a mixed methods instrument to assess reported discrimination. The data were analysed for frequency counts and then a thematic analysis was performed. A conceptual map is provided.
The study was a cross-cultural one but, contrary to expectations, few transnational differences were found. The main hypothesis was supported. Conversely, we found that when participants reported 'positive discrimination', this could as easily be conceptualised as being treated similarly to how others in society would expect to be treated.
Negative discrimination is ubiquitous and sometimes connotatively very strong, with reports of humiliation and abuse. 'Positive discrimination' conversely indicates that people with a mental illness diagnosis expect discrimination and are grateful when it does not occur. The literature on self-stigma is discussed and found wanting. Similarly, the theory that contact with mentally ill people reduces stigma and discrimination is not fully supported by our results.
本文考察了被诊断为精神分裂症的患者所报告的污名和歧视程度。假设是，当人们用自己的语言表达他们所经历的歧视时，会发现这种歧视是广泛存在的。
对来自 15 个不同国家的 75 名被诊断为精神分裂症的患者进行了混合方法的访谈，以评估报告的歧视情况。对数据进行了频数分析，然后进行了主题分析。提供了一个概念图。
该研究是一项跨文化研究，但与预期相反，发现的跨国差异很少。主要假设得到了支持。相反，我们发现，当参与者报告“积极歧视”时，这同样可以被理解为与社会上其他人期望的待遇相同。
消极歧视无处不在，有时带有强烈的贬义，包括羞辱和虐待的报告。相反，“积极歧视”表明精神疾病患者期望歧视，并在歧视没有发生时感到感激。对自我污名化的文献进行了讨论，但发现并不充分。同样，与精神疾病患者接触可以减少污名和歧视的理论也没有被我们的结果完全支持。
