Agricultural Research Council, Research Centre for Agrobiology and Pedology, Firenze, Italy.
J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Aug 10;59(15):8304-13. doi: 10.1021/jf201278r. Epub 2011 Jul 8.
This research considered the varieties 'Frantoio' and 'Moraiolo' growing in rainfed olive trees (Olea europaea) and took place in Tuscany, central Italy. Soil moisture was monitored during the very meteorologically contrasting years 2002 and 2003 in two nearby olive groves. The plots had the same morphological and climatic conditions, but different soil types. Monocultivar oil samples were analyzed to determine fatty acids, minor polar compounds, and tocopherols content and were submitted to organoleptic analysis by a panel of trained tasters. The results highlighted that soil water regimen affects some nutraceutical components and the sensory evaluation of olive oil. Cultivar also affected yield components, polyphenols, and tocopherols content, but less than soil water availability. The plants on the soil inducing a relatively more intense and longer water deficit during summer (a Skeleti Calcaric Regosol) had an early ripening and gave the best results in terms of phenolic compounds and, consequently, antioxidant properties of the olive oil. The sensorial properties of the oil obtained from both cultivars on the Regosol were superior in both years of the trial.
本研究以生长在雨养橄榄树（Olea europaea）中的‘Frantoio’和‘Moraiolo’品种为研究对象，在意大利中部的托斯卡纳进行。在气象条件差异极大的 2002 年和 2003 年，对两个附近橄榄园中土壤水分进行了监测。这些地块具有相同的形态和气候条件，但土壤类型不同。对单品种油样进行了脂肪酸、极性微量化合物和生育酚含量的分析，并由经过培训的品尝小组进行了感官分析。结果表明，土壤水分状况会影响一些营养成分和橄榄油的感官评价。品种也会影响产量成分、多酚和生育酚的含量，但不如土壤水分的有效性影响大。在夏季（钙质粗骨土）导致相对更强烈和更长时间水分亏缺的土壤上生长的植物，其成熟较早，在酚类化合物方面表现最佳，因此橄榄油具有更好的抗氧化特性。在试验的两年中，从两种品种在钙质粗骨土上获得的油的感官特性都更优。
