VU University Medical Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, PO BOX 303, 115 ZG Duivendrecht, The Netherlands.
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2011 Jun 29;5:22. doi: 10.1186/1753-2000-5-22.
This study aims to identify risk factors for level of offending among childhood offenders from different socio-economic status (SES) neighborhoods and ethnic origins.
Three groups of childhood first time police arrestees were studied using standardized instruments for individual and parental characteristics: native Dutch offenders from moderate to high SES neighborhoods, native Dutch offenders from low SES neighborhoods, and offenders of non-Western origin from low SES neighborhoods.
All subgroups showed high rates of externalizing disorders (27.2% to 41.8%) and familial difficulties (25.7% to 50.5%). Few differences between neighborhoods were found in the prevalence and impact of risk factors. However, the impact of some family risk factors on offending seemed stronger in the low SES groups. Regarding ethnical differences, family risk factors were more prevalent among non-Western childhood offenders. However, the association of these factors with level of offending seemed lower in the non-Western low SES group, while the association of some individual risk factors were stronger in the non-Western low SES group. Turning to the independent correlation of risk factors within each of the groups, in the Dutch moderate to high SES group, 23.1% of the variance in level of offending was explained by ADHD and behavioral problems; in the Dutch low SES group, 29.0% of the variance was explained by behavioral problems and proactive aggression; and in the non-Western low SES group, 41.2% of the variance was explained by substance use, sensation seeking, behavioral peer problems, and parental mental health problems.
Thereby, the study indicates few neighborhood differences in the impact of individual and parental risk factors on offending, while individual and parental risk factors may differ between ethnic groups.
本研究旨在确定来自不同社会经济地位（SES）社区和种族背景的儿童犯罪者的犯罪水平的风险因素。
使用针对个体和父母特征的标准化工具，研究了三组首次被警方逮捕的儿童初犯：来自中高 SES 社区的本土荷兰犯罪者、来自低 SES 社区的本土荷兰犯罪者以及来自低 SES 社区的非西方血统犯罪者。
所有亚组的外化障碍（27.2%至 41.8%）和家庭困难（25.7%至 50.5%）发生率都很高。在风险因素的流行程度和影响方面，社区之间几乎没有差异。然而，一些家庭风险因素对犯罪的影响在低 SES 群体中似乎更强。关于种族差异，家庭风险因素在非西方儿童犯罪者中更为普遍。然而，这些因素与犯罪水平的关联在非西方低 SES 群体中似乎较低，而一些个体风险因素的关联在非西方低 SES 群体中更强。在每个群体中，将风险因素的独立相关性考虑在内，在荷兰中高 SES 群体中，ADHD 和行为问题解释了犯罪水平差异的 23.1%；在荷兰低 SES 群体中，行为问题和主动攻击解释了 29.0%的差异；在非西方低 SES 群体中，物质使用、感觉寻求、行为同伴问题和父母心理健康问题解释了 41.2%的差异。
因此，该研究表明，个体和父母风险因素对犯罪的影响在社区之间几乎没有差异，而种族群体之间的个体和父母风险因素可能存在差异。
