Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE 11 3TU, United Kingdom.
Appl Ergon. 2012 Jan;43(1):203-10. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2011.05.010. Epub 2011 Jun 29.
In this study, three methods were used to determine the thermal insulation values of different school clothing worn by 6 to 17 year old girls and boys in Kuwait classrooms for both summer and winter seasons. The different clothing ensembles' insulations were determined by 1: measurement using adult-sized versions of the clothing on thermal manikins, 2: estimations from adult clothing data obtained from the standards tables in ISO 9920 and ASHRAE 55, and 3: calculations using a regression equation from McCullough et al. (1985) that was adapted to accommodate children's sizes for ages 6-17 years. Values for the clothing area factor, f(cl), were also determined by measurement and by using a prediction equation from ISO 9920. Results in this study suggested that the clothing insulation values found from the measured and adapted data were similar to the adult's data in standards tables for the same summer and winter seasons. Further, the effect of the insulation values on the different scholars' age groups were investigated using the clothing temperature rating technique and compared to the scholars' comfort temperature found in recent field studies. Results showed that the temperature ratings of the clothing using the three methods described above are close and in agreement with the scholars' comfort temperature. Though estimated and measured f(cl) data differed, the impact on the temperature ratings was limited. An observed secular change in the children's heights and weights in the last few decades implies that, for adolescents, the children's body surface areas are similar to those of adults, making the use of adult clothing tables even more acceptable. In conclusion, this study gives some evidence to support the applicability of using adults' data in ASHRAE 55 and ISO 9920 standards to assess the thermal insulation values of different children's clothing ensembles, provided that careful selection of the garments, ensembles material and design takes place.
在这项研究中，使用了三种方法来确定科威特教室中 6 至 17 岁女孩和男孩在夏季和冬季穿着的不同校服的热阻值。通过以下三种方法来确定不同服装的保温性能：1：使用成人尺寸的热模型来测量服装的保温性能；2：根据 ISO 9920 和 ASHRAE 55 标准表中获得的成人服装数据进行估算；3：使用 McCullough 等人（1985 年）的回归方程进行计算，该方程经过改编以适应 6 至 17 岁儿童的体型。还通过测量和使用 ISO 9920 中的预测方程来确定服装面积系数 f(cl)的值。本研究的结果表明，从测量和改编的数据中得出的服装保温值与同一夏季和冬季标准表中的成人数据相似。此外，还使用服装温度评级技术研究了保温值对不同年龄段学者的影响，并将其与最近实地研究中发现的学者舒适温度进行了比较。结果表明，使用上述三种方法得出的服装温度评级值接近且与学者的舒适温度一致。尽管估算和实测的 f(cl)数据有所不同，但对温度评级的影响有限。过去几十年中儿童身高和体重的观察到的长期变化表明，对于青少年来说，儿童的体表面积与成年人相似，这使得使用成人服装表更加可行。总之，本研究为使用 ASHRAE 55 和 ISO 9920 标准中的成人数据来评估不同儿童服装套装的热阻值提供了一些证据，前提是要仔细选择服装、套装材料和设计。
