Timary Philippe De, Heenen-Wolff Susann, Philippot Pierre
Academic Hospital Saint-Luc and Department of Adult Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Louvain Brussels, Belgium.
Front Psychol. 2011 Apr 21;2:71. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00071. eCollection 2011.
This paper compares the cognitive-behavioral and psychoanalytical approaches with respect to the way in which each of them conceives of representation and deals with the issues that this involves. In both of them conscious and latent (unconscious) representations play a crucial role. Highlighting similarities and differences facilitate communication on a theoretical level but also prove helpful to the clinical practitioners involved. We try to put forward an attempt at comparison, with the idea of going beyond the - obviously important - differences in vocabulary. In this attempt at comparison, we have successively compared the definitions of representation and the respective therapeutic interventions proposed by each approach. There are no doubt many overlapping elements in the way in which the workings of the mind are conceived of in these approaches, particularly as regards their links with affects. We next developed the implications of representation deficits in pathology, suggesting the important role played by elements that are avoided, suppressed from memory or repressed, and with respect to the need to treat such material in a specific manner so as to ensure some progress as to the symptoms presented. We finally summarized common and distinct aspects of the two perspectives. The very fact that two approaches that follow very distinct methodologies reach the same conclusion concerning the importance of distortions and failures of representation in generating mental distress strengthens, in our view, the epistemological reliability of the role of representation in psychopathology.
本文比较了认知行为疗法和精神分析方法在表征概念以及处理由此涉及的问题上的方式。在这两种方法中，意识和潜在（无意识）表征都起着至关重要的作用。突出它们的异同不仅有助于在理论层面进行交流，也对相关临床从业者有所帮助。我们试图进行一种比较，旨在超越词汇上（显然很重要）的差异。在这次比较尝试中，我们相继比较了表征的定义以及每种方法所提出的相应治疗干预措施。毫无疑问，这些方法在对心理运作方式的理解上存在许多重叠元素，尤其是在它们与情感的联系方面。接下来，我们阐述了病理状态下表征缺陷的影响，指出了那些被回避、从记忆中抑制或压抑的元素所起的重要作用，以及以特定方式处理此类素材对于确保在呈现的症状方面取得一定进展的必要性。我们最后总结了这两种观点的共同和不同之处。我们认为，两种遵循截然不同方法的途径在关于表征的扭曲和失败在产生精神困扰方面的重要性上得出相同结论，这一事实增强了表征在精神病理学中作用的认识论可靠性。
