University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
Aesthet Surg J. 2011 Jul;31(5):501-5. doi: 10.1177/1090820X11411581.
The aesthetics of the human nose is highly dependent on the complex structure of the lower lateral cartilages (LLC). Understanding optimum shape and mechanical properties of the LLC is pivotal to achieving satisfactory results in nasal tip rhinoplasty.
The authors introduce an ex vivo animal model to replicate the shape and mechanics of human nasal LLC as a tool for research and surgical education.
Seven fresh pig heads were obtained from a local butcher shop. Nasal cartilage was harvested in a replicable manner and fashioned into appropriate shapes and dimensions based on the authors' human cadaver studies. Sutures were placed to approximate the cartilage pairs into appropriate human anatomical position.
The porcine cartilage model replicated analogous structures, including the medial crura and the lateral crura, with appropriate cephalic orientation and domal angles. The anterior-posterior dimensions of the medial crura, intermediate crura, and lateral crura were 4 mm, 6 mm, and 10 mm, respectively. Cartilage thickness was approximately 1 mm throughout the specimen. Cephalic orientation of the lateral crura was sculpted to 45°. The average angle of divergence was 54° and varied according to the physiological shape of the porcine nasal vault (range, 43-74°). Average interdomal distance was 13.3 mm (range, 9-18 mm), and average domal width was 6.2 mm (range, 5-7 mm).
This novel porcine model mimics human LLC and is inexpensive, easy to construct, and highly replicable. This model can be used as a valuable educational resource for training novice surgeons in the principles of nasal tip rhinoplasty. Additionally, our construct has broad applications in studying LLC geometry and mechanics.
人类鼻子的美学高度依赖于鼻翼软骨（LLC）的复杂结构。了解 LLC 的最佳形状和机械性能对于实现鼻尖整形手术的满意效果至关重要。
作者介绍了一种体外动物模型，以复制人类鼻翼 LLC 的形状和力学特性，作为研究和手术教育的工具。
从当地肉店获得 7 个新鲜猪头。根据作者的人体尸体研究，以可重复的方式采集鼻软骨，并将其塑造成适当的形状和尺寸。放置缝线将软骨对近似放置在适当的人体解剖位置。
猪软骨模型复制了类似的结构，包括内侧脚和外侧脚，具有适当的头侧取向和穹隆角度。内侧脚、中间脚和外侧脚的前后尺寸分别为 4 毫米、6 毫米和 10 毫米。整个标本的软骨厚度约为 1 毫米。外侧脚的头侧取向被雕刻成 45°。平均发散角为 54°，根据猪鼻穹窿的生理形状而变化（范围为 43°-74°）。平均穹隆间距离为 13.3 毫米（范围为 9-18 毫米），平均穹隆宽度为 6.2 毫米（范围为 5-7 毫米）。
这种新颖的猪模型模拟了人类 LLC，价格低廉，易于构建，且高度可复制。该模型可作为培训新手外科医生进行鼻尖整形手术原则的有价值的教育资源。此外，我们的构建物在研究 LLC 几何形状和力学方面具有广泛的应用。
