Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2023 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052, United States.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2011 Nov;61(2):543-83. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012. Epub 2011 Jun 23.
The extant amphibians are one of the most diverse radiations of terrestrial vertebrates (>6800 species). Despite much recent focus on their conservation, diversification, and systematics, no previous phylogeny for the group has contained more than 522 species. However, numerous studies with limited taxon sampling have generated large amounts of partially overlapping sequence data for many species. Here, we combine these data and produce a novel estimate of extant amphibian phylogeny, containing 2871 species (∼40% of the known extant species) from 432 genera (∼85% of the ∼500 currently recognized extant genera). Each sampled species contains up to 12,712 bp from 12 genes (three mitochondrial, nine nuclear), with an average of 2563 bp per species. This data set provides strong support for many groups recognized in previous studies, but it also suggests non-monophyly for several currently recognized families, particularly in hyloid frogs (e.g., Ceratophryidae, Cycloramphidae, Leptodactylidae, Strabomantidae). To correct these and other problems, we provide a revised classification of extant amphibians for taxa traditionally delimited at the family and subfamily levels. This new taxonomy includes several families not recognized in current classifications (e.g., Alsodidae, Batrachylidae, Rhinodermatidae, Odontophrynidae, Telmatobiidae), but which are strongly supported and important for avoiding non-monophyly of current families. Finally, this study provides further evidence that the supermatrix approach provides an effective strategy for inferring large-scale phylogenies using the combined results of previous studies, despite many taxa having extensive missing data.
现存的两栖动物是陆地脊椎动物中最多样化的辐射之一（>6800 种）。尽管最近对它们的保护、多样化和系统发育进行了大量关注，但以前的系统发育研究中没有包含超过 522 种的物种。然而，许多具有有限分类群采样的研究已经为许多物种生成了大量部分重叠的序列数据。在这里，我们结合这些数据，对现存两栖动物的系统发育进行了新的估计，包含来自 432 个属（约 500 个现存属的 85%）的 2871 个物种（约为已知现存物种的 40%）。每个采样物种包含来自 12 个基因（3 个线粒体，9 个核）的多达 12712bp，平均每个物种有 2563bp。该数据集为许多在以前的研究中被认可的群体提供了强有力的支持，但它也表明了一些目前被认可的科的非单系性，特别是在 hyloid 青蛙中（例如，Ceratophryidae、Cycloramphidae、Leptodactylidae、Strabomantidae）。为了解决这些问题和其他问题，我们为传统上在科和亚科水平上界定的现存两栖动物分类群提供了一个修订的分类法。这种新的分类法包括一些目前分类法中没有认可的科（例如，Alsodidae、Batrachylidae、Rhinodermatidae、Odontophrynidae、Telmatobiidae），但这些科得到了强有力的支持，对于避免当前科的非单系性很重要。最后，这项研究进一步证明了超级矩阵方法是一种有效的策略，用于使用以前研究的综合结果推断大规模的系统发育，尽管许多分类群有广泛的缺失数据。
