London South Bank University and North East London NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
Behav Cogn Psychother. 2012 May;40(3):287-96. doi: 10.1017/S135246581100021X. Epub 2011 Jun 6.
Parental overprotection may have a direct effect on worry through hindering children's exploration experiences and preventing the learning of action-oriented coping strategies (Cheron, Ehrenreich and Pincus, 2009; Nolen-Hoeksema, Wolfson, Mumme and Guskin, 1995) and an indirect effect through fostering the development of maladaptive metacognitions that are associated with the activation of worry and the escalation of anxiety (Wells, 2000).
The aim was to investigate the relative contribution of recalled parental overprotection in childhood and metacognitions in predicting current levels of worry.
A community sample (n = 301) was administered four self-report instruments to assess parental overprotection, metacognitions, anxiety and worry.
Metacognitions were found to predict levels of worry independently of gender, anxiety and parental overprotection. They were also found to predict anxiety independently of gender, worry and parental overprotection.
The combination of a family environment perceived to be characterized by overprotection and high levels of maladaptive metacognitions are a risk factor for the development of worry.
父母过度保护可能通过阻碍孩子的探索经验和防止采取行动导向的应对策略的学习，对担忧产生直接影响（Cheron、Ehrenreich 和 Pincus，2009；Nolen-Hoeksema、Wolfson、Mumme 和 Guskin，1995），并通过培养与担忧的激活和焦虑的升级相关的适应不良的元认知，产生间接影响（Wells，2000）。
旨在探讨童年时期回忆中的父母过度保护和元认知对预测当前担忧水平的相对贡献。
对社区样本（n=301）进行了四项自我报告工具的评估，以评估父母过度保护、元认知、焦虑和担忧。
元认知被发现可以独立于性别、焦虑和父母过度保护来预测担忧水平。它们还被发现可以独立于性别、担忧和父母过度保护来预测焦虑。
被认为过度保护和高水平适应不良元认知的家庭环境的组合是担忧发展的一个风险因素。
