Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street - RM 131, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2011 Oct;14(10):1882-90. doi: 10.1017/S1368980011001145. Epub 2011 Jun 1.
To review and synthesize existing national and state organizations' policies related to the nutritional quality of snacks served in after-school programmes (ASP; 15.00-18.00 hours) in the USA.
Systematic review of websites and corresponding documentation describing national and state-level ASP organizations' policies, standards, guidelines and/or recommendations for the nutritional quality of snacks served within the ASP setting.
ASP can play a critical role in a child's daily dietary intake. State and national organizations have developed policies to assist ASP in selecting nutritionally appropriate snacks, yet no widely accepted standards exist. By reviewing the extent of existing policies, recommendations for uniform policies can be made.
Policy documentation.
A total of seventeen organizations representing five unique snack policies comprised of thirteen different food items were identified. The most widely recognized snack policy, which the majority of state and national ASP organizations endorsed and upon which other snack policies were modelled, was the US Department of Agriculture reimbursement programmes. Consistently, policies endorsed serving fruits/vegetables, whole grains and milk/dairy products, and limiting foods high in fats/sugar/energy (calories). Two policies focused predominantly on total energy and macronutrient composition of snacks, a single policy suggested limits on sugar-sweetened beverages, and three endorsed serving water daily. A proposed set of general guidelines for ASP was developed based on uniformity in recommendations across policies.
The proposed set of nutritional guidelines will assist policy makers and ASP providers in selecting and serving nutritionally appropriate snacks that contribute to a child's overall healthful daily dietary intake.
综述并综合美国现有的与课后计划（15：00-18：00 点）中供应的零食的营养质量相关的国家和州级组织政策。
对描述国家和州级课后计划组织的政策、标准、准则和/或建议的网站和相关文件进行系统综述，这些政策、标准、准则和/或建议涉及课后计划环境中供应的零食的营养质量。
课后计划可以在儿童的日常饮食摄入中发挥关键作用。州和国家组织制定了政策，以协助课后计划选择营养适当的零食，但目前还没有广泛接受的标准。通过审查现有政策的范围，可以提出统一政策的建议。
政策文件。
共确定了十七个组织，代表了五个独特的零食政策，其中包含十三种不同的食品。最广泛认可的零食政策是美国农业部的报销计划，大多数州和国家课后计划组织都认可该政策，并以此为基础制定了其他零食政策。政策一致赞成供应水果/蔬菜、全谷物和牛奶/奶制品，并限制高脂肪/糖/高能量（卡路里）的食物。有两个政策主要侧重于零食的总能量和宏量营养素组成，一个政策建议限制含糖饮料，三个政策赞成每天供应水。根据政策建议的一致性，制定了一套针对课后计划的一般准则建议。
拟议的一套营养准则将有助于政策制定者和课后计划提供者选择和供应营养适当的零食，以促进儿童整体健康的日常饮食摄入。
