Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
J Clin Immunol. 2011 Oct;31(5):900-12. doi: 10.1007/s10875-011-9563-1. Epub 2011 Jul 6.
The 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus (swH1N1) provided an opportunity to study immune responses to a new influenza strain in the context of seasonal influenza vaccination. Our goals were: to assess whether analyzing multiple parameters of immune responsiveness to influenza has an advantage over evaluating hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titer alone, to determine whether vaccination with the seasonal vaccine induced cross-reactive immunity to swH1N1 in some individuals, and to determine whether the immune response against swH1N1 is higher after infection than vaccination.
Antibody and T cell responses were studied in ten subjects who were first immunized with the 2009-2010 seasonal influenza subunit vaccine, then 6 weeks later with the swH1N1 monovalent subunit vaccine. The amount of antibody against native virus glycoproteins, overall avidity of these antibodies, and HAI titer were measured. T cells were evaluated for proliferation and IFNγ secretion in response to the vaccine in vitro. Individuals with influenza-like illness were also evaluated, adding a microplate neuraminidase inhibition (NAI) test.
The immune response to influenza was highly variable and immune parameters did not increase in parallel. The seasonal vaccine induced antibodies recognizing the pandemic virus in 50% of subjects. Antibody affinity and NAI activity to swH1N1 were higher after natural infection than vaccination.
The evaluation of several immune parameters gives a more complete measure of immune responsiveness to influenza infection or vaccination than the HAI test alone.
2009 年猪源 H1N1 流感病毒（swH1N1）为研究季节性流感疫苗接种背景下对新流感株的免疫反应提供了机会。我们的目标是：评估分析多种免疫反应参数是否优于单独评估血凝抑制（HAI）滴度；确定季节性疫苗接种是否在某些个体中诱导对 swH1N1 的交叉反应性免疫；并确定感染后对 swH1N1 的免疫反应是否高于疫苗接种。
对 10 名受试者进行了研究，他们首先接种了 2009-2010 年季节性流感亚单位疫苗，6 周后接种了 swH1N1 单价亚单位疫苗。测量了针对天然病毒糖蛋白的抗体和 T 细胞反应，这些抗体的总体亲和力以及 HAI 滴度。体外评估 T 细胞对疫苗的增殖和 IFNγ分泌反应。还评估了流感样疾病患者，增加了微量板神经氨酸酶抑制（NAI）测试。
流感的免疫反应高度可变，免疫参数没有平行增加。季节性疫苗在 50%的受试者中诱导出识别大流行病毒的抗体。与疫苗接种相比，自然感染后对 swH1N1 的抗体亲和力和 NAI 活性更高。
与单独的 HAI 测试相比，评估多种免疫参数可更全面地衡量对流感感染或疫苗接种的免疫反应。
