Department of Public Health Analysis, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21239, USA.
Epidemiol Infect. 2012 Mar;140(3):417-25. doi: 10.1017/S0950268811000732. Epub 2011 May 9.
The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiology and determinants of anti-hepatitis A seroprevalence in 2- to 19-year-olds in the USA for 2007-2008. This study was conducted in a sample of 2621 individuals aged 2-19 years in the USA using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008. The overall seroprevalence of anti- hepatitis A virus (HAV) in this population was 39% (95% confidence interval 32·6-45·3). HAV seroprevalence was higher in Mexican Americans than other ethnic groups, in younger persons, and in those who reported previous vaccination compared to those who did not. We concluded that anti-hepatitis A seroprevalence rates are increasing in younger individuals in the USA, indicating a shift of seroprevalence over time due to vaccination status. Findings are consistent with a persistent influx of infection through international travel and migration and highlight the need to discern hepatitis A infection from vaccination status when assessing the effectiveness of vaccination using seroprevalence data.
本研究旨在描述 2007-2008 年美国 2-19 岁人群抗甲型肝炎血清流行率的流行病学和决定因素。本研究在美国使用 2007-2008 年全国健康和营养调查（NHANES）的数据，对年龄在 2-19 岁的 2621 名个体进行了抽样调查。该人群中抗甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）的总体血清流行率为 39%（95%置信区间 32.6-45.3）。与其他族裔群体相比，墨西哥裔美国人、年轻人以及报告曾接种疫苗者的 HAV 血清流行率更高，而未接种疫苗者则更低。我们的结论是，美国年轻人群中的抗甲型肝炎血清流行率正在上升，这表明由于接种疫苗的情况，血清流行率随时间发生了变化。这些发现与通过国际旅行和移民持续传入感染的情况一致，突出表明在使用血清流行率数据评估疫苗接种效果时，需要区分甲型肝炎感染和疫苗接种状态。
