Corrick Fenella, Watson Robert, Budhdeo Sanjay
Oriel College, University of Oxford, Oriel Square, Oxford, OX1 4EW, UK.
Philos Ethics Humanit Med. 2011 Jul 8;6:13. doi: 10.1186/1747-5341-6-13.
The 2011 Varsity Medical Debate, between Oxford and Cambridge Universities, brought students and faculty together to discuss the waiving of patents for antiretroviral therapies in the developing world. With an estimated 29.5 million infected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in low- and middle-income countries and only 5.3 million of those being treated, the effective and equitable distribution of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is an issue of great importance. The debate centred around three areas of contention. Firstly, there was disagreement about whether patents were the real barrier to the access of anti-retroviral therapy in the developing world. Secondly, there were differing views on the effectiveness of a patent pool. Thirdly, concerns were raised over the impact of waiving patents on research to produce new and better anti retro-viral drugs.
2011年牛津大学与剑桥大学之间的校际医学辩论会，让学生和教师齐聚一堂，共同探讨在发展中国家放弃抗逆转录病毒疗法专利的问题。据估计，低收入和中等收入国家有2950万人感染了人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV），但其中只有530万人接受治疗，因此抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）的有效且公平分配是一个极其重要的问题。辩论集中在三个有争议的领域。首先，对于专利是否是发展中国家获取抗逆转录病毒疗法的真正障碍存在分歧。其次，关于专利池的有效性存在不同观点。第三，有人担心放弃专利会对研发新的更好的抗逆转录病毒药物的研究产生影响。
