Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB - Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 132, S.A. 1, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2012 Jun;82(3):387-401. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.06.002. Epub 2011 Jul 8.
Evidence from a range of sources demonstrates that end-of-life (EoL) care practices and preferences vary across countries; culture is consistently one of the main explanations given for this. In order to understand how cultural factors are used to explain similarities and differences in EoL care between Spain, Italy and Portugal, database and hand searches were performed and cross-cutting core themes identified. Similarities included higher proportions of people who wished to die at home than actually died at home, a persistent trend for partial disclosure in Italy and Spain, low use of advance directives, and low incidence of all medical EoL decisions (with the exception of terminal sedation) compared to northern European countries. The role of religion and the importance of family ties were the two main cultural factors used to explain the similarities. Further research is needed in order to interpret the important differences that were also found.
来自多方面的证据表明，临终关怀实践和偏好因国家而异；文化一直是造成这种差异的主要原因之一。为了了解文化因素如何用于解释西班牙、意大利和葡萄牙之间临终关怀护理的异同，我们进行了数据库和手工搜索，并确定了跨领域的核心主题。相似之处包括：希望在家中去世的人比例高于实际在家中去世的人比例；意大利和西班牙持续存在部分披露的趋势；预先指示的使用较低；与北欧国家相比，所有医疗临终决策（除了终末期镇静治疗）的发生率也较低。宗教的作用和家庭关系的重要性是用来解释这些相似之处的两个主要文化因素。还需要进一步研究，以解释我们发现的其他重要差异。
