Department of Biology, San Diego State University, SDSU Heart Institute, San Diego, California 92182, USA.
Physiol Rev. 2011 Jul;91(3):1023-70. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2010.
One of the greatest examples of integrated signal transduction is revealed by examination of effects mediated by AKT kinase in myocardial biology. Positioned at the intersection of multiple afferent and efferent signals, AKT exemplifies a molecular sensing node that coordinates dynamic responses of the cell in literally every aspect of biological responses. The balanced and nuanced nature of homeostatic signaling is particularly essential within the myocardial context, where regulation of survival, energy production, contractility, and response to pathological stress all flow through the nexus of AKT activation or repression. Equally important, the loss of regulated AKT activity is primarily the cause or consequence of pathological conditions leading to remodeling of the heart and eventual decompensation. This review presents an overview compendium of the complex world of myocardial AKT biology gleaned from more than a decade of research. Summarization of the widespread influence that AKT exerts upon myocardial responses leaves no doubt that the participation of AKT in molecular signaling will need to be reckoned with as a seemingly omnipresent regulator of myocardial molecular biological responses.
AKT 激酶介导的心肌生物学效应的研究揭示了信号转导整合的一个极好范例。AKT 位于多种传入和传出信号的交汇处，是分子感应节点的范例，协调细胞在生物学反应的各个方面的动态反应。在心肌环境中，稳态信号的平衡和细微性质尤其重要，因为生存、能量产生、收缩性以及对病理应激的反应的调节都通过 AKT 激活或抑制的枢纽进行。同样重要的是，调节后的 AKT 活性的丧失主要是导致心脏重构和最终失代偿的病理状况的原因或后果。这篇综述介绍了从十多年的研究中获得的心肌 AKT 生物学这一复杂世界的概述。AKT 对心肌反应的广泛影响表明，AKT 参与分子信号传递将需要被视为心肌分子生物学反应的一个似乎无处不在的调节因子。
