Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA.
J Vet Intern Med. 2011 Jul-Aug;25(4):934-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0749.x. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
Ketamine has immunomodulating effects both in vitro and in vivo during experimental endotoxemia in humans, rodents, and dogs.
Subanesthetic doses of ketamine will attenuate the clinical and immunologic responses to experimental endotoxemia in horses.
Nineteen healthy mares of various breeds.
Experimental study. Horses were randomized into 2 groups: ketamine-treated horses (KET; n = 9) and saline-treated horses (SAL; n = 10). Both groups received 30 ng/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli, O55:B5) 1 hour after the start of a continuous rate infusion (CRI) of racemic ketamine (KET) or physiologic saline (SAL). Clinical and hematological responses were documented and plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) were quantified.
All horses safely completed the study. The KET group exhibited transient excitation during the ketamine loading infusion (P < .05) and 1 hour after discontinuation of administration (P < .05). Neutrophilic leukocytosis was greater in the KET group 8 and 24 hours after administration of LPS (P < .05). Minor perturbations of plasma biochemistry results were considered clinically insignificant. Plasma TNF-α and TXB(2) production peaked 1.5 and 1 hours, respectively, after administration of LPS in both groups, but a significant difference between treatment groups was not demonstrated.
A subanesthetic ketamine CRI is well tolerated by horses. A significant effect on the clinical or immunologic response to LPS administration, as assessed by clinical observation, hematological parameters, and TNF-α and TXB(2) production, was not identified in healthy horses with the subanesthetic dose of racemic ketamine utilized in this study.
在人类、啮齿动物和犬类的实验性内毒素血症中，氯胺酮具有体外和体内的免疫调节作用。
亚麻醉剂量的氯胺酮可减轻马的实验性内毒素血症的临床和免疫反应。
19 匹不同品种的健康母马。
实验研究。马被随机分为 2 组：氯胺酮治疗组（KET；n = 9）和生理盐水治疗组（SAL；n = 10）。两组均在持续输注氯胺酮（KET）或生理盐水（SAL）开始后 1 小时内给予 30 ng/kg 的脂多糖（大肠杆菌，O55：B5）。记录临床和血液学反应，并定量测定肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和血栓烷 B2（TXB2）的血浆浓度。
所有马均安全完成研究。氯胺酮负荷输注期间（P <.05）和停止输注后 1 小时（P <.05），KET 组出现短暂兴奋。KET 组在 LPS 给药后 8 和 24 小时白细胞增多更为明显（P <.05）。认为血浆生化结果的轻微波动在临床上无意义。两组 LPS 给药后 1.5 和 1 小时分别达到 TNF-α和 TXB2 生成的峰值，但两组之间未显示出治疗组之间的显著差异。
马对亚麻醉氯胺酮 CRI 具有良好的耐受性。在本研究中，使用的亚麻醉剂量的氯胺酮对 LPS 给药的临床或免疫反应无明显影响，通过临床观察、血液学参数以及 TNF-α和 TXB2 的产生来评估。
