't Mannetje Andrea M, McLean Dave J, Eng Amanda J, Kromhout Hans, Kauppinen Timo, Fevotte Joelle, Pearce Neil E
Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, 6021 Wellington, New Zealand.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2011 Oct;55(8):879-85. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mer045. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
In New Zealand, there is a need for a comprehensive and accessible database with national occupational exposure information, such as a general population job-exposure matrix (GPJEM). However, few New Zealand-specific exposure data exist that could be used to construct such a GPJEM. Here, we present the methods used to develop a GPJEM for New Zealand (NZJEM), by combining GPJEMs from other countries with New Zealand-specific exposure information, using wood dust as an example to illustrate this process. The assessments of GPJEMs from other countries were made available to a New Zealand expert in occupational wood dust exposure, who then provided a preliminary NZJEM assessment (including the percentage exposed and the level of exposure for each occupation). Where possible, this assessment was based on New Zealand exposure measurements. In the next step, information from a nationwide workplace exposure survey of 3000 members of the New Zealand workforce was used to finalize the NZJEM assessments. The final NZJEM listed 104 of the 956 New Zealand occupational codes as exposed to wood dust. The percentage of workers exposed within an occupation ranged from 5% (e.g. boiler attendants) to 100% (e.g. cabinet makers). The level of exposure ranged from 0.05 mg m(-3) (e.g. electricians) to 3 mg m(-3) (e.g. carpenters). Of these assessments, 23% were mainly based on New Zealand exposure data, 37% on overseas GPJEMs and exposure data, and for 40% the national survey data served as the main source of information for the expert assessment. Combining the NZJEM assessments with national employment statistics indicated that 5.6% of the New Zealand workforce is occupationally exposed to wood dust, corresponding to a total of 97 000 workers (86% male and 14% female). Construction-related occupations included the largest number of exposed workers.
在新西兰，需要一个全面且易于获取的包含全国职业暴露信息的数据库，比如通用人群工作暴露矩阵（GPJEM）。然而，几乎没有可用于构建此类通用人群工作暴露矩阵的新西兰特定暴露数据。在此，我们介绍了用于开发新西兰通用人群工作暴露矩阵（NZJEM）的方法，即以木屑为例，通过将其他国家的通用人群工作暴露矩阵与新西兰特定暴露信息相结合来说明这一过程。来自其他国家的通用人群工作暴露矩阵评估结果提供给了一位新西兰职业木屑暴露领域的专家，该专家随后给出了初步的新西兰通用人群工作暴露矩阵评估结果（包括各职业的暴露百分比和暴露水平）。只要有可能，该评估就基于新西兰的暴露测量数据。下一步，利用对3000名新西兰劳动力进行的全国性工作场所暴露调查所获得的信息来确定新西兰通用人群工作暴露矩阵的评估结果。最终的新西兰通用人群工作暴露矩阵列出了956个新西兰职业代码中的104个职业暴露于木屑。各职业的暴露工人百分比从5%（如司炉工）到100%（如细木工）不等。暴露水平从0.05毫克/立方米（如电工）到3毫克/立方米（如木匠）不等。在这些评估中，23%主要基于新西兰的暴露数据，37%基于海外通用人群工作暴露矩阵和暴露数据，40%的全国调查数据是专家评估的主要信息来源。将新西兰通用人群工作暴露矩阵评估结果与全国就业统计数据相结合表明，5.6%的新西兰劳动力在职业上暴露于木屑，总计97000名工人（86%为男性，14%为女性）。与建筑相关的职业中暴露工人数量最多。
