Févotte Joëlle, Dananché Brigitte, Delabre Laurène, Ducamp Stephane, Garras Loïc, Houot Marie, Luce Danièle, Orlowski Ewa, Pilorget Corinne, Lacourt Aude, Brochard Patrick, Goldberg Marcel, Imbernon Ellen
Département Santé Travail, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, F-94415 Saint Maurice, France.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2011 Oct;55(8):865-78. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mer067. Epub 2011 Sep 15.
OBJECTIVES: Matgéné is a program to develop job-exposure matrices (JEMs) adapted to the general population in France for the period since 1950. The aim is to create retrospective exposure assessment tools for estimating the prevalence of occupational exposure to various agents that can then be correlated to health-related parameters. METHODS: JEMs were drawn up by a team of six industrial hygienists who based their assessments on available occupational measurement, economic and statistical data, and several thousand job descriptions from epidemiological studies performed in France since 1984. Each JEM is specific to one agent, assessing exposure for a set of homogeneous combinations (occupation × activity × period) according to two occupational classifications (ISCO 1968 and PCS 1994) and one economic activities classification (NAF 2000). The cells of the JEM carry an estimate of the probability and level of exposure. Level is estimated by the duration and intensity of exposure-linked tasks or by description of the tasks when exposure measurement data are lacking for the agent in question. The JEMs were applied to a representative sample of the French population in 2007, and prevalence for each exposure was estimated in various population groups. All documents and data are available on a dedicated website. RESULTS: By the end of 2010, 18 JEMs have been developed and eight are under development, concerning a variety of chemical agents: organic and mineral dust, mineral fibers, and solvents. By implementation in the French population, exposure prevalences were calculated at different dates and for complete careers, and attributable risk fractions were estimated for certain pathologies. Some of these results were validated by comparison with those of other programs. DISCUSSION: Initial Matgéné JEMs results are in agreement with the French and international literature, thus validating the methodology. Exposure estimates precision, however, vary between agents and according to the amount of exposure measurement data available. These JEMs are important epidemiological tools, and improving their quality will require investment in occupational health data harvesting, especially in the case of low-level exposures.
目标：Matgéné是一个旨在开发自1950年以来适用于法国普通人群的职业暴露矩阵（JEMs）的项目。其目的是创建回顾性暴露评估工具，以估计职业性接触各种物质的流行情况，进而将其与健康相关参数进行关联。 方法：JEMs由六名工业卫生学家组成的团队编制，他们的评估基于现有的职业测量、经济和统计数据，以及自1984年以来在法国进行的流行病学研究中的数千份工作描述。每个JEM针对一种物质，根据两种职业分类（1968年国际标准职业分类和1994年法国职业分类系统）和一种经济活动分类（2000年法国标准产业分类），对一组同质组合（职业×活动×时期）的暴露情况进行评估。JEM的单元格包含暴露概率和水平的估计值。当缺乏相关物质的暴露测量数据时，水平通过与暴露相关任务的持续时间和强度或任务描述来估计。2007年，JEMs应用于法国人口的代表性样本，并估计了不同人群组中每种暴露的流行率。所有文件和数据都可在一个专门网站上获取。 结果：到2010年底，已开发出18个JEMs，另有8个正在开发中，涉及多种化学物质：有机和矿物粉尘、矿物纤维及溶剂。通过在法国人群中的应用，计算了不同日期和整个职业生涯的暴露流行率，并估计了某些疾病的归因风险分数。其中一些结果通过与其他项目的结果比较得到了验证。 讨论：Matgéné JEMs的初步结果与法国及国际文献一致，从而验证了该方法。然而，暴露估计的精度因物质不同以及可获得的暴露测量数据量而异。这些JEMs是重要的流行病学工具，提高其质量将需要在职业健康数据收集方面进行投入，尤其是在低水平暴露的情况下。
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