School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2012 Jan;67(1):13-7. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbr062. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
Evidence has shown that age stereotypes influence several behavioral outcomes in later life via stereotype valence-outcome assimilation; however, a direct comparison of positive versus negative age stereotyping effects has not yet been made.
PsycINFO and Pubmed were used to generate a list of articles (n = 137), of which seven were applicable. From these articles, means, standard errors (SEs), and other relevant data were extracted for 52 dependent measures: 27 involved negative age primes and 25 involved positive age primes. Independent samples analysis of variance tests were used to explore the influence of prime valence and awareness on behavior compared with a neutral referent.
A significant main effect for prime valence was found such that negative age priming elicited a greater effect on behavior than did positive age priming (F(1,48) = 4.32, p = .04). In fact, the effects from negative age priming were almost three times larger than those of positive priming when compared with a neutral baseline. This effect was not influenced by prime awareness, discipline of study, study design, or research group.
Findings show that negative age stereotyping has a much stronger influence on important behavioral outcomes among older adults than does positive age stereotyping.
有证据表明，年龄刻板印象通过刻板印象效价-结果同化影响晚年的多种行为结果；然而，目前尚未对积极和消极年龄刻板印象效应进行直接比较。
使用 PsycINFO 和 Pubmed 生成了一份包含 137 篇文章的列表，其中有 7 篇文章适用。从这些文章中，提取了 52 个因变量的平均值、标准误差（SE）和其他相关数据：27 个涉及负面年龄启动，25 个涉及正面年龄启动。采用独立样本方差分析检验来探索启动效价和意识对行为的影响，与中性参照进行比较。
发现启动效价存在显著的主效应，即负面年龄启动比正面年龄启动对行为的影响更大（F(1,48) = 4.32, p =.04）。实际上，与中性基线相比，负面年龄启动的影响几乎是正面启动的三倍。这种效应不受启动意识、研究学科、研究设计或研究组的影响。
研究结果表明，与积极的年龄刻板印象相比，负面的年龄刻板印象对老年人的重要行为结果有更强的影响。
