Center for Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
Phys Biol. 2011 Aug;8(4):045007. doi: 10.1088/1478-3975/8/4/045007. Epub 2011 Jul 12.
Cells and the tissues they form are not passive material bodies. Cells change their behavior in response to external biochemical and biomechanical cues. Behavioral changes, such as morphological deformation, proliferation and migration, are striking in many multicellular processes such as morphogenesis, wound healing and cancer progression. Cell-based modeling of these phenomena requires algorithms that can capture active cell behavior and their emergent tissue-level phenotypes. In this paper, we report on extensions of the subcellular element model to model active biomechanical subcellular processes. These processes lead to emergent cell and tissue level phenotypes at larger scales, including (i) adaptive shape deformations in cells responding to slow stretching, (ii) viscous flow of embryonic tissues, and (iii) streaming patterns of chemotactic cells in epithelial-like sheets. In each case, we connect our simulation results to recent experiments.
细胞及其组成的组织并不是被动的物质实体。细胞会根据外部的生化和生物力学线索改变其行为。在形态发生、伤口愈合和癌症进展等许多多细胞过程中，形态变形、增殖和迁移等行为变化非常明显。对这些现象进行基于细胞的建模需要能够捕捉活跃细胞行为及其在组织水平上表现出的表型的算法。在本文中，我们报告了对亚细胞元素模型的扩展，以模拟活跃的生物力学亚细胞过程。这些过程导致更大尺度上的细胞和组织水平的表型出现，包括：（i）细胞对缓慢拉伸的自适应形状变形；（ii）胚胎组织的粘性流动；（iii）上皮样薄片中趋化性细胞的流动模式。在每种情况下，我们将我们的模拟结果与最近的实验联系起来。
