Ortiz-Moncada Rocio, Alvarez-Dardet Carlos, Miralles-Bueno Juan José, Ruíz-Cantero María Teresa, Dal Re-Saavedra María Angeles, Villar-Villalba Carmen, Pérez-Farinós Napoleón, Serra-Majem Lluís
Grupo de investigación en Salud Pública, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
Med Clin (Barc). 2011 Dec 10;137(15):678-84. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2010.12.025. Epub 2011 Jul 14.
Obesity in the Spanish adult population has almost doubled from 1987 to 2003. The aim is to update the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and reassess its main social determinants using the National Health Household Survey (ENS) from 2006.
Cross sectional study based on the ENS-2006. Sample of 29,478 adults who answered questions on self-reported weight and height. We calculated the body mass index (WHO classification) for the dependent variable. Sociodemographic independent variables used were age, sex, marriage status, educational level, social class (manual, non-manual), and monthly income. A descriptive study was conducted as well as different logistic regression models.
In 2006, the prevalence of overweight is higher in men (43.9%) than women (28.9%). Sex differences were not observed in the prevalence of obesity (15.0%). The multinomial logistic regression analysis shows significant associations between obesity and marriage status: married OR=1.69 (1.51-1.89), widower OR=1.77 (1.45-2.16); population without education: OR=2.77 (2.34-3.28) and income below 600 €: OR=1.50 (1.18-1.91). There was a statistically significant interaction (p<0.001) between sex and social class. Women from manual social class have 49% more chances to be overweight and 96% greater risk of obesity compared to non-manual social class women. In addition, men of manual social class have less risk of overweight (18%) and obesity (12%) than non-manual social class men.
Gender and socioeconomic status are key social determinants for obesity in Spain and, consequently, this needs to be addressed when developing preventive activities.
1987年至2003年间，西班牙成年人口中的肥胖率几乎翻了一番。目的是更新超重和肥胖的患病率，并利用2006年全国健康家庭调查（ENS）重新评估其主要社会决定因素。
基于2006年ENS的横断面研究。对29478名回答了关于自我报告体重和身高问题的成年人进行抽样。我们计算了因变量的体重指数（世界卫生组织分类）。使用的社会人口学自变量包括年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育水平、社会阶层（体力劳动者、非体力劳动者）和月收入。进行了描述性研究以及不同的逻辑回归模型。
2006年，男性超重患病率（43.9%）高于女性（28.9%）。肥胖患病率（15.0%）未观察到性别差异。多项逻辑回归分析显示肥胖与婚姻状况之间存在显著关联：已婚者OR = 1.69（1.51 - 1.89），鳏夫OR = 1.77（1.45 - 2.16）；未受过教育人群：OR = 2.77（2.34 - 3.28），收入低于600欧元：OR = 1.50（1.18 - 1.91）。性别与社会阶层之间存在统计学显著交互作用（p < 0.001）。与非体力劳动社会阶层女性相比，体力劳动社会阶层女性超重几率高49%，肥胖风险高96%。此外，体力劳动社会阶层男性超重风险（18%）和肥胖风险（12%）低于非体力劳动社会阶层男性。
性别和社会经济地位是西班牙肥胖的关键社会决定因素，因此，在开展预防活动时需要解决这一问题。
