Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Sep;105(9):512-8. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.05.011. Epub 2011 Jul 12.
Vector control constitutes an important component of integrated disease control campaigns. Source reduction is not an option for phlebotomine sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis, because larval breeding sites remain either unknown or inaccessible. Thus, all control efforts are directed against the adult sand flies, mostly attempting to limit their contact with humans. We describe experiments using an insecticide-treated vertical barrier to prevent sand flies from reaching inhabited areas of an agricultural settlement. A 400 meter long section of the peripheral fence of Kibbutz Sde Eliyahu, Jordan Valley, Israel was draped with a deltamethrin-impregnated net that is impenetrable to sand flies (polyester net, 450 holes/inch(2)). Sand flies were captured before and after construction of the barrier using CO(2)-baited CDC traps. Sand fly numbers, as monitored around three houses internal to the barrier, exhibited an 84.9% decrease once the barrier was erected (P=0.003). Concurrently, the neighboring control group of three houses, not protected by the barrier, exhibited a 15.9% increase in sand fly numbers (P=0.974). These results corroborate previous findings of field tests conducted on a smaller scale in an arid suburban setting. Campaigns for reducing the burden of sand fly bites and curtailing the transmission of leishmaniasis, should consider integrating vertical fine-mesh nets with other sand fly control measures.
病媒控制是综合疾病控制运动的一个重要组成部分。对于利什曼病的嗜人按蚊传播媒介，减少来源并不是一种选择，因为幼虫滋生地仍然未知或无法进入。因此，所有控制工作都针对成蚊，主要是试图限制它们与人类的接触。我们描述了使用杀虫剂处理的垂直屏障来防止沙蝇进入农业定居点有人居住地区的实验。以色列约旦谷 Sde Eliyahu 基布兹外围围栏的 400 米长的一段被涂上了一种无法穿透沙蝇的氯菊酯浸渍网（聚酯网，每英寸 450 个孔）。在建造屏障之前和之后，使用 CO 2 诱饵的 CDC 陷阱捕获了沙蝇。屏障竖起后，监测到屏障内的三间房屋周围的沙蝇数量下降了 84.9%（P=0.003）。与此同时，未受屏障保护的三个相邻对照组房屋的沙蝇数量增加了 15.9%（P=0.974）。这些结果证实了先前在干旱郊区环境中进行的小规模现场测试的发现。减少沙蝇叮咬负担和遏制利什曼病传播的运动应考虑将垂直细网与其他沙蝇控制措施结合起来。
