Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
Clin Interv Aging. 2011;6:141-9. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S17001. Epub 2011 Jun 15.
Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are associated with physical impairments and biologic changes in older adults. Weight loss combined with exercise may reduce inflammation and improve physical functioning in overweight, sedentary, older adults. This study tested whether a weight loss program combined with moderate exercise could improve physical function in obese, older adult women.
Participants (N = 34) were generally healthy, obese, older adult women (age range 55-79 years) with mild to moderate physical impairments (ie, functional limitations). Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups for 24 weeks: (i) weight loss plus exercise (WL+E; n = 17; mean age = 63.7 years [4.5]) or (ii) educational control (n = 17; mean age = 63.7 [6.7]). In the WL+E group, participants attended a group-based weight management session plus three supervised exercise sessions within their community each week. During exercise sessions, participants engaged in brisk walking and lower-body resistance training of moderate intensity. Participants in the educational control group attended monthly health education lectures on topics relevant to older adults. Outcomes were: (i) body weight, (ii) walking speed (assessed by 400-meter walk test), (iii) the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and (iv) knee extension isokinetic strength.
Participants randomized to the WL+E group lost significantly more weight than participants in the educational control group (5.95 [0.992] vs 0.23 [0.99] kg; P < 0.01). Additionally, the walking speed of participants in the WL+E group significantly increased compared with that of the control group (reduction in time on the 400-meter walk test = 44 seconds; P < 0.05). Scores on the SPPB improved in both the intervention and educational control groups from pre- to post-test (P < 0.05), with significant differences between groups (P = 0.02). Knee extension strength was maintained in both groups.
Our findings suggest that a lifestyle-based weight loss program consisting of moderate caloric restriction plus moderate exercise can produce significant weight loss and improve physical function while maintaining muscle strength in obese, older adult women with mild to moderate physical impairments.
肥胖和久坐的生活方式与老年人的身体损伤和生物学变化有关。减肥结合运动可能会减轻超重、久坐的老年人的炎症并改善身体机能。本研究测试了减肥计划结合中等强度运动是否可以改善肥胖老年女性的身体功能。
参与者（N=34）为一般健康、肥胖、年龄在 55-79 岁之间的老年女性，身体损伤程度较轻至中度（即功能受限）。参与者被随机分配到两个组进行 24 周：（i）减肥加运动（WL+E；n=17；平均年龄 63.7 岁[4.5]）或（ii）教育对照组（n=17；平均年龄 63.7 岁[6.7]）。在 WL+E 组中，参与者参加了基于小组的体重管理课程，并每周在社区内参加三次监督的运动课程。在运动课程中，参与者进行了快走和下肢阻力训练，强度为中等。教育对照组的参与者参加了每月有关老年人健康的教育讲座。结果是：（i）体重，（ii）步行速度（通过 400 米步行测试评估），（iii）短体表现电池（SPPB）和（iv）膝关节伸展等速力量。
与教育对照组相比，WL+E 组的参与者体重明显减轻（5.95[0.992] vs 0.23[0.99]kg；P<0.01）。此外，WL+E 组的参与者的步行速度比对照组明显提高（400 米步行测试时间减少了 44 秒；P<0.05）。干预组和教育对照组的 SPPB 评分均在测试前至后测试期间有所提高（P<0.05），且组间差异显著（P=0.02）。两组的膝关节伸展力均保持不变。
我们的研究结果表明，由适度热量限制加适度运动组成的基于生活方式的减肥计划可以在肥胖、有轻度至中度身体损伤的老年女性中显著减轻体重并改善身体功能，同时保持肌肉力量。
