Chen Xiaosong, Lou Guiyu, Meng Zhipeng, Huang Wendong
Division of Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
Exp Diabetes Res. 2011;2011:853501. doi: 10.1155/2011/853501. Epub 2011 Jun 21.
TGR5, an emerging G protein-coupled receptor, was identified as a membrane receptor for bile acids. The expression of TGR5 and its function are distinct from the previously identified nuclear bile acid receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR). These two bile acid receptors complement with each other for maintaining bile acid homeostasis and mediating bile acid signaling. Both receptors are also shown to play roles in regulating inflammation and glucose metabolism. An interesting finding for TGR5 is its role in energy metabolism. The discovery of TGR5 expression in brown adipocyte tissues (BATs) and the recent demonstration of BAT in adult human body suggest a potential approach to combat obesity by targeting TGR5 to increase thermogenesis. We summarize here the latest finding of TGR5 research, especially its role in energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis.
TGR5是一种新发现的G蛋白偶联受体，被确定为胆汁酸的膜受体。TGR5的表达及其功能与先前鉴定的核胆汁酸受体法尼醇X受体（FXR）不同。这两种胆汁酸受体相互补充，以维持胆汁酸稳态并介导胆汁酸信号传导。这两种受体还显示在调节炎症和葡萄糖代谢中发挥作用。TGR5的一个有趣发现是其在能量代谢中的作用。在棕色脂肪组织（BATs）中发现TGR5表达，以及最近在成人体内发现BAT，提示了一种通过靶向TGR5以增加产热来对抗肥胖的潜在方法。我们在此总结TGR5研究的最新发现，特别是其在能量代谢和葡萄糖稳态中的作用。
