Litovsky Ruth Y
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Cochlear Implants Int. 2011 May;12 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S30-4. doi: 10.1179/146701011X13001035752372.
Review of recent studies on spatial-hearing abilities in children who use bilateral cochlear implants (BiCIs); compare performance of children who use BiCIs with children who have normal hearing.
Results from recent studies are reviewed in two categories. First, studies measured spatial hearing by using sound localization or identification methods, thereby focusing on localization accuracy. Second, studies that measured the ability of children to discriminate between sound source positions in the horizontal plane, thereby focusing on localization acuity where performance was quantified using the minimum audible angle (MAA).
Children with BiCIs have localization errors that vary widely. There is evidence that for many children errors are smaller when using two vs. one implant. In the bilateral condition, some children's performance falls within the range of errors seen in children with normal hearing (less than 30° root mean square), but most children have errors that are significantly greater than those of children with normal hearing. On MAA tasks, performance is generally significantly better (lower MAAs) when children are tested in the bilateral listening mode than in the unilateral listening mode. However, MAAs are generally higher than those measured in children with normal hearing.
Results are discussed in the context of auditory experience, and also with regard to the lack of availability of binaural cues presented through the CI speech processors when the children are using their processors in everyday listening situations. The potential roles of interaural timing vs. level cues are discussed.
回顾近期关于使用双侧人工耳蜗（BiCIs）的儿童空间听力能力的研究；比较使用BiCIs的儿童与听力正常儿童的表现。
近期研究结果分为两类进行回顾。第一类研究通过声音定位或识别方法测量空间听力，从而聚焦于定位准确性。第二类研究测量儿童在水平面区分声源位置的能力，从而聚焦于定位敏锐度，其表现通过最小可听角（MAA）进行量化。
使用BiCIs的儿童存在广泛的定位误差。有证据表明，对于许多儿童而言，使用两个植入物时的误差比使用一个时更小。在双侧植入的情况下，一些儿童的表现落在听力正常儿童所见误差范围内（均方根小于30°），但大多数儿童的误差显著大于听力正常的儿童。在MAA任务中，儿童在双侧聆听模式下测试时的表现通常明显更好（MAA更低），而不是在单侧聆听模式下。然而，MAA通常高于听力正常儿童所测的值。
在听觉经验的背景下对结果进行了讨论，同时也涉及到当儿童在日常聆听情境中使用其言语处理器时，通过人工耳蜗言语处理器呈现的双耳线索缺乏可用性的问题。讨论了耳间时间线索与声级线索的潜在作用。
