International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2011 May;15(5):662-7. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0433.
Correctional settings and remand prisons.
To critically discuss calculations for epidemiological indicators of the tuberculosis (TB) burden in prisons and to provide recommendations to improve study comparability.
A hypothetical data set illustrates issues in determining incidence and prevalence. The appropriate calculation of the incidence rate is presented and problems arising from cross-sectional surveys are clarified.
Cases recognized during the first 3 months should be classified as prevalent at entry and excluded from any incidence rate calculation. The numerator for the incidence rate includes persons detected as having developed TB during a specified period of time subsequent to the initial 3 months. The denominator is person-time at risk from 3 months onward to the end point (TB or end of the observation period). Preferably, entry time, exit time and event time are known for each inmate to determine person-time at risk. Failing that, an approximation consists of the sum of monthly head counts, excluding prevalent cases and those persons no longer at risk from both the numerator and the denominator.
The varying durations of inmate incarceration in prisons pose challenges for quantifying the magnitude of the TB problem in the inmate population. Recommendations are made to measure incidence and prevalence.
监管环境和还押监狱。
批判性地讨论监狱中结核病（TB）负担的流行病学指标计算，并提供建议以提高研究可比性。
一个假设数据集说明了确定发病率和患病率方面的问题。提出了发病率的适当计算方法，并阐明了横断面调查中出现的问题。
应将最初 3 个月内发现的病例归类为进入时的现患病例，并从任何发病率计算中排除。发病率的分子包括在初始 3 个月后指定时间段内发现患有结核病的人。分母是从第 3 个月开始到终点（TB 或观察期结束）的风险人群时间。最好是，对于每个囚犯，都应知道进入时间、退出时间和事件时间，以确定风险人群时间。如果做不到这一点，则可以用每月的人头数之和来近似，从分子和分母中排除现患病例和不再处于风险中的人。
囚犯在监狱中服刑的时间长短不一，这给量化囚犯人群中结核病问题的严重程度带来了挑战。建议测量发病率和患病率。
