Laboratory of Psychology, University of Franche-Comté, 30, rue Mégevand, 25030, Besançon, France.
Psychol Res. 2012 Sep;76(5):641-53. doi: 10.1007/s00426-011-0361-4. Epub 2011 Jul 15.
This study was designed to investigate how emotion category, characterized by distinct musical structures (happiness, sadness, threat) and expressiveness (mechanical, expressive) may influence overt and covert behavioral judgments and physiological responses in musically trained and untrained listeners. Mechanical and expressive versions of happy, sad and scary excerpts were presented while physiological measures were recorded. Participants rated the intensity of the emotion they felt. In addition, they monitored excerpts for the presence of brief breaths. Results showed that the emotion categories were rated higher in the expressive than in the mechanical versions and that this effect was larger in musicians. Moreover, expressive excerpts were found to increase skin conductance level more than the mechanical ones, independently of their arousal value, and to slow down response times in the breath detection task relative to the mechanical versions, suggesting enhanced capture of attention by expressiveness. Altogether, the results support the key role of the performer's expression in the listener's emotional response to music.
本研究旨在探究不同音乐结构（快乐、悲伤、威胁）和表现性（机械、表现）的情绪类别如何影响音乐训练和未训练听众的外显和内隐行为判断以及生理反应。在记录生理测量的同时，呈现了机械和表现两种版本的快乐、悲伤和恐怖片段。参与者对他们感受到的情绪强度进行了评分。此外，他们还监测了片段中是否存在短暂的呼吸。结果表明，与机械版本相比，情绪类别在表现版本中被评为更高，而这种效果在音乐家中更大。此外，与机械版本相比，表现版本的皮肤电导率水平增加更多，而与唤醒值无关，并且在呼吸检测任务中反应时间更慢，这表明表现增强了对注意力的捕捉。总的来说，这些结果支持了表演者的表现力在听众对音乐的情绪反应中的关键作用。
