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超越工程师伦理的工程伦理。

Engineering ethics beyond engineers' ethics.

机构信息

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Escola d'Enginyeria, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalunya, Spain.

出版信息

Sci Eng Ethics. 2013 Mar;19(1):179-87. doi: 10.1007/s11948-011-9293-z. Epub 2011 Jul 15.

Abstract

Engineering ethics is usually focused on engineers' ethics, engineers acting as individuals. Certainly, these professionals play a central role in the matter, but engineers are not a singularity inside engineering; they exist and operate as a part of a complex network of mutual relationships between many other people, organizations and groups. When engineering ethics and engineers' ethics are taken as one and the same thing the paradigm of the ethical engineer which prevails is that of the heroic engineer, a certain model of the ideal engineer: someone both quite individualistic and strong enough to deal with all the moral challenges that could arise. We argue that this is not the best approach, at least today in our interrelated world. We have achieved a high degree of independence from nature by means of technology. In exchange for this autonomy we have become increasingly tied up with very complex systems to which we constantly delegate new tasks and powers. Concerns about safety keep growing everywhere due to the fact that now we have a sensitive awareness of the huge amount of power we are both consuming and deploying, thus, new forms of dialogue and consensus have to be incorporated at different levels, in different forums and at different times. Within these democratic channels of participation not just the needs and interests, but also the responsibilities and mutual commitments of all parties should be taken into account.

摘要

工程伦理学通常关注工程师的伦理道德,即工程师作为个体的行为。诚然,这些专业人员在这一问题中扮演着核心角色,但工程师并不是工程内部的一个奇点;他们作为相互关系复杂网络中的一部分而存在和运作,这一网络涉及许多其他人、组织和团体。当工程伦理学和工程师的伦理学被视为同一事物时,占主导地位的伦理工程师范式是英雄工程师范式,即理想工程师的某种模式:既非常个人主义又足够强大,足以应对可能出现的所有道德挑战。我们认为,至少在我们这个相互关联的世界中,这不是最好的方法。我们通过技术实现了与自然的高度独立。作为这种自主权的交换,我们与非常复杂的系统越来越紧密地联系在一起,我们不断将新的任务和权力委托给这些系统。由于我们现在对自己所消耗和部署的巨大权力有了敏感的认识,因此,各地对安全的担忧与日俱增,这就需要在不同层次、不同论坛和不同时间纳入新的对话和共识形式。在这些参与的民主渠道中,不仅要考虑到各方的需求和利益,还要考虑到各方的责任和相互承诺。

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