Larimer Christopher W, Hannagan Rebecca J
Department of Political Science, University of Northern Iowa, 349 Sabin Hall, Cedar Falls, IA 50614-0404, USA.
Politics Life Sci. 2010 Sep;29(2):40-54. doi: 10.2990/29_2_40.
This study investigates whether observers react negatively to overly ambitious leaders, focusing on whether women are more sensitive than men in their perceptions of the traits of decision makers and whether men and women behave differently as a result of such perceptions. Results from two laboratory experiments show how participants react to ambitious decision makers in simple bargaining scenarios. The results indicate that observers tend to equate ambition for decision-making authority with self-interested, unfair, male behavior. Moreover, observers tend to be less satisfied with a decision made by an ambitious decision maker compared to the same decision made by an unambitious decision maker. That is, people generally dislike ambitious decision makers independent of the actual decision that is made. Further, there are important differences in male and female expectations of what decision makers will do that, when combined with perceptions of decision-maker gender, have more nuanced implications for outcome satisfaction and our understanding of "follower behavior."
本研究调查观察者是否会对野心过大的领导者产生负面反应，重点关注女性在对决策者特质的认知上是否比男性更敏感，以及男性和女性是否会因这种认知而表现不同。两项实验室实验的结果表明了参与者在简单谈判场景中对野心勃勃的决策者的反应。结果显示，观察者倾向于将追求决策权力的野心等同于自私、不公平的男性行为。此外，与由无野心的决策者做出的相同决策相比，观察者对由野心勃勃的决策者做出的决策往往不太满意。也就是说，人们通常不喜欢野心勃勃的决策者，而与实际做出的决策无关。此外，男性和女性对决策者行为的期望存在重要差异，当与对决策者性别的认知相结合时，会对结果满意度以及我们对“追随者行为”的理解产生更细微的影响。
