Thomas-Hunt Melissa C, Phillips Katherine W
Cornell University, Johnson Graduate School of Medicine, Ithica, New York, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2004 Dec;30(12):1585-98. doi: 10.1177/0146167204271186.
This study investigates how the contribution, identification, and consideration of expertise within groups are affected by gender differences. The authors examined the effects of member expertise and gender on others' perceptions of expertise, actual and own perceptions of influence, and group performance on a decision-making task. The authors' findings are consistent with social role theory and expectation states theory. Women were less influential when they possessed expertise, and having expertise decreased how expert others perceived them to be. Conversely, having expertise was relatively positive for men. These differences were reflected in group performance, as groups with a female expert underperformed groups with a male expert. Thus, contrary to common expectations, possessing expertise did not ameliorate the gender effects often seen in workgroups. The findings are discussed in light of their implications for organizational workgroups in which contribution of expertise is critical to group performance.
本研究调查了群体中专业知识的贡献、识别和考量如何受到性别差异的影响。作者考察了成员的专业知识和性别对他人对专业知识的看法、实际和自身对影响力的看法以及在决策任务中群体表现的影响。作者的研究结果与社会角色理论和期望状态理论一致。女性拥有专业知识时影响力较小，而且拥有专业知识会降低他人对其专业程度的认知。相反，拥有专业知识对男性相对有利。这些差异反映在群体表现上，有女性专家的群体表现不如有男性专家的群体。因此，与普遍预期相反，拥有专业知识并不能改善工作群体中常见的性别效应。鉴于这些发现对专业知识贡献对群体表现至关重要的组织工作群体的影响，对其进行了讨论。
