Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland.
Injury. 2012 Apr;43(4):440-5. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2011.06.193. Epub 2011 Jul 16.
Adrenalin-seeking airborne sports like BASE-jumping, paragliding, parachuting, delta-gliding, speedflying, and skysurfing are now firmly with us as outdoor lifestyle activities and are associated with a high frequency of severe injuries, especially to the spine.
Retrospective analysis of all airborne sports-associated spinal and pelvic injuries admitted to a Level I trauma centre in the Swiss Alps between 1st March 2000 and 31st October 2009. Spinal injuries were classified by the Magerl system and pelvic injuries by the AO/OTA scheme modified by Isler and Ganz. Spino-pelvic dissociation fractures in airborne sports were compared to similar injuries in the general trauma population using multiple logistic regression analysis.
181 patients (11 BASE-jumpers, 144 paragliders, 19 parachuters, 1 speedflyer, 4 deltagliders, 2 skysurfer) were included. 161 (89%) were male. Median age was 37.0 years (IQR=29.0-47.0) and ISS 8 (IQR=4-13). 89 (49.2%) patients sustained spinal fractures. Type A fractures were predominant (91.5%), followed by Type C (5.3%) and Type B (3.2%). The level L1 was most often affected (35.1%). 17 patients (9.4%) had pelvic ring fractures. Most frequent were Type C fractures (41.2%), followed by Types A and B (29.4% each). 8 paragliders (4.4%) suffered spino-pelvic dissociation injuries. The odds ratio for sustaining such fractures in paragliders was 21-fold higher (OR 21.04, 95% CI 7.83-56.57, p<0.001) than in the general trauma population.
Serious spinal and pelvic injuries account for most injuries sustained during airborne sporting activities. The thoracolumbar region was most often affected, but the lumbopelvic junction is also especially vulnerable as high impact forces from vertical and horizontal deceleration need to be absorbed. The frequency of spino-pelvic dissociation was very high in paragliding injuries, with a 21-fold higher odds ratio than in the general trauma population.
像跳伞、滑翔伞、降落伞、三角滑翔、滑索和空中冲浪这样寻求刺激的航空运动现在已经成为我们户外生活方式的一部分，它们与严重受伤的频率很高有关，尤其是脊柱受伤。
对 2000 年 3 月 1 日至 2009 年 10 月 31 日期间在瑞士阿尔卑斯山一级创伤中心收治的所有与航空运动相关的脊柱和骨盆受伤患者进行回顾性分析。脊柱损伤采用 Magerl 系统分类，骨盆损伤采用 AO/OTA 方案修改的 Isler 和 Ganz 分类。使用多变量逻辑回归分析比较航空运动中的脊柱骨盆分离骨折与一般创伤人群中的类似损伤。
共纳入 181 例患者（11 名跳伞运动员、144 名滑翔伞运动员、19 名降落伞运动员、1 名滑索运动员、4 名三角滑翔运动员、2 名空中冲浪运动员）。161 例（89%）为男性。中位年龄为 37.0 岁（IQR=29.0-47.0），ISS 为 8（IQR=4-13）。89 例（49.2%）患者发生脊柱骨折。A型骨折最为常见（91.5%），其次是 C 型（5.3%）和 B 型（3.2%）。L1 水平最常受累（35.1%）。17 例（9.4%）患者发生骨盆环骨折。最常见的是 C 型骨折（41.2%），其次是 A 型和 B 型（各 29.4%）。8 名滑翔伞运动员（4.4%）发生脊柱骨盆分离损伤。滑翔伞运动员发生此类骨折的比值比为 21 倍（OR 21.04，95%CI 7.83-56.57，p<0.001），明显高于一般创伤人群。
严重的脊柱和骨盆损伤是航空运动中最常见的损伤。胸腰椎区最常受累，但腰骶关节也很脆弱，因为需要吸收来自垂直和水平减速的高冲击力。滑翔伞损伤中的脊柱骨盆分离发生率非常高，比值比为 21 倍，明显高于一般创伤人群。
