Bigdon Sebastian Frederick, Hecht Verena, Fairhurst Paul Gilbert, Deml Moritz C, Exadaktylos Aristomenis K, Albers Christoph E
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 16C, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022 May 1;14(1):79. doi: 10.1186/s13102-022-00468-4.
Summer alpine sports, including mountain biking, hiking and airborne pursuits, have experienced a recent surge in popularity. Accordingly, trauma associated with these activities has increased. There is a scarcity of literature exploring clinical aspects surrounding injuries. Specifically, no single article provides a general overview, as individual studies tend to focus on one particular sport. In the present study, we performed a systematic literature review to summarize existing knowledge and explore the potential for prevention and clinical decision making in this group.
Literature searches were performed using the PubMed and Scopus database for the most commonly ventured sports associated with injury: mountain biking, climbing, airborne sports, paragliding, and base jumping. From this search, studies were identified for qualitative and quantitative analyses. These searches were done according to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Studies were then analyzed regarding epidemiology of injuries, relevant anatomical considerations and prevention strategies were discussed.
A broad spectrum of injury sites and mechanisms are seen in mountain biking, climbing or airborne sports. Mountain biking related injuries commonly involve the upper extremity, with fractures of the clavicle being the most common injury, followed by fractures of the hand and wrist. Scaphoid fractures remain of paramount importance in a differential diagnosis, given their often subtle clinical and radiological appearance. Paragliding, skydiving, and base jumping particularly affect transition areas of the spine, such as the thoracolumbar and the spinopelvic regions. Lower limb injuries were seen in equal frequency to spinal injuries. Regarding relative risk, mountain biking has the lowest risk for injuries, followed by climbing and airborne sports. Male alpinists are reported to be more susceptible to injuries than female alpinists. Generally, the literature surrounding hiking and water-related mountain sports is insufficient, and further work is required to elucidate injury mechanisms and effective preventative measures. A helmet seems to decrease the likelihood of face and head injuries in mountain sports and be a meaningful preventive measurement.
包括山地自行车、徒步旅行和空中运动在内的夏季高山运动近来广受欢迎。相应地，与这些活动相关的创伤有所增加。目前缺乏探讨这些损伤临床方面的文献。具体而言，没有一篇文章能提供全面概述，因为个别研究往往只关注某一项特定运动。在本研究中，我们进行了一项系统的文献综述，以总结现有知识，并探索该群体预防和临床决策的潜力。
使用PubMed和Scopus数据库对与损伤相关的最常见冒险运动进行文献检索：山地自行车、攀岩、空中运动、滑翔伞和定点跳伞。通过此次检索，确定用于定性和定量分析的研究。这些检索按照系统评价的PRISMA指南进行。然后对研究的损伤流行病学进行分析，并讨论相关解剖学因素及预防策略。
在山地自行车、攀岩或空中运动中可见广泛的损伤部位和机制。与山地自行车相关的损伤通常累及上肢，其中锁骨骨折最为常见，其次是手部和腕部骨折。舟骨骨折在鉴别诊断中仍然至关重要，因为其临床和放射学表现往往不明显。滑翔伞、跳伞和定点跳伞尤其会影响脊柱的过渡区域，如胸腰段和脊柱骨盆区域。下肢损伤与脊柱损伤的发生频率相当。就相对风险而言，山地自行车运动受伤风险最低，其次是攀岩和空中运动。据报道，男性登山者比女性登山者更容易受伤。总体而言，关于徒步旅行和与水相关的山地运动的文献不足，需要进一步开展工作以阐明损伤机制和有效的预防措施。头盔似乎能降低山地运动中面部和头部受伤的可能性，是一项有意义的预防措施。
