Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
J Nucl Med. 2011 Aug;52(8):1240-51. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.109.069609. Epub 2011 Jul 15.
The value of pediatric nuclear medicine is well established. Pediatric patients are referred to nuclear medicine from nearly all pediatric specialties including urology, oncology, cardiology, gastroenterology, and orthopedics. Radiation exposure is associated with a potential, small, risk of inducing cancer in the patient later in life and is higher in younger patients. Recently, there has been enhanced interest in exposure to radiation from medical imaging. Thus, it is incumbent on practitioners of pediatric nuclear medicine to have an understanding of dosimetry and radiation risk to communicate effectively with their patients and their families. This article reviews radiation dosimetry for radiopharmaceuticals and also CT given the recent proliferation of PET/CT and SPECT/CT. It also describes the scientific basis for radiation risk estimation in the context of pediatric nuclear medicine. Approaches for effective communication of risk to patients' families are discussed. Lastly, radiation dose reduction in pediatric nuclear medicine is explicated.
儿科核医学的价值是毋庸置疑的。儿科患者几乎来自所有儿科专业科室，包括泌尿科、肿瘤科、心脏病学、胃肠病学和骨科。辐射暴露会给患者带来潜在的、小的、日后致癌的风险，而在年轻患者中风险更高。最近，人们对医疗成像带来的辐射暴露的兴趣有所增加。因此，儿科核医学从业者有必要了解剂量学和辐射风险，以便与患者及其家属进行有效的沟通。本文回顾了放射性药物的辐射剂量学，同时也回顾了 CT，因为最近 PET/CT 和 SPECT/CT 的普及。它还描述了在儿科核医学背景下辐射风险估计的科学依据。讨论了向患者家属有效传达风险的方法。最后，阐述了儿科核医学中减少辐射剂量的方法。
