Munroe-Meyer Institute and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5450, USA.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2011 Jul;96(1):107-22. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2011.96-107.
Signals during delays to reinforcement may lessen reductions in responding that typically occur when there is a delay between a response and its reinforcer. Sparse applied research has been devoted to understanding the conditions under which responding may be maintained when delays to reinforcement are introduced. We evaluated the extent to which providing signals during delay fading affected responding in the context of differential reinforcement of communication responses. Three individuals were exposed to gradually increasing signaled and unsignaled reinforcement delays in multiple-schedule and/or withdrawal designs. Results for 2 of 3 participants suggested that (a) the presence of signals facilitated response maintenance under delayed reinforcement and (b) coordinated basic and applied research may advance both conceptual understanding and clinical outcomes of delayed reinforcement.
在强化物延迟期间发出的信号可能会减少反应的减少，而这种减少通常发生在反应和强化物之间存在延迟时。关于理解在引入强化物延迟时如何维持反应的应用研究很少。我们评估了在通讯反应的差异强化中，在延迟消退期间提供信号对反应的影响程度。有 3 个人在多个时间表和/或撤出设计中经历了逐渐增加的有信号和无信号强化延迟。其中 2 名参与者的结果表明：(a) 信号的存在有助于在延迟强化下维持反应；(b) 协调基础和应用研究可能会促进延迟强化的概念理解和临床结果。
