Fraundorf Scott H, Watson Duane G
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
J Mem Lang. 2011 Aug 1;65(2):161-175. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2011.03.004.
We investigated the mechanisms by which fillers, such as uh and um, affect memory for discourse. Participants listened to and attempted to recall recorded passages adapted from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. The type and location of interruptions were manipulated through digital splicing. In Experiment 1, we tested a processing time account of fillers' effects. While fillers facilitated recall, coughs matched in duration to the fillers impaired recall, suggesting that fillers' benefits cannot be attributed to adding processing time. In Experiment 2, fillers' locations were manipulated based on norming data to be either predictive or non-predictive of upcoming material. Fillers facilitated recall in both cases, inconsistent with an account in which listeners predict upcoming material using past experience with the distribution of fillers. Instead, these results suggest an attentional orienting account in which fillers direct attention to the speech stream but do not always result in specific predictions about upcoming material.
我们研究了诸如“呃”和“嗯”等填充词影响语篇记忆的机制。参与者收听并尝试回忆从《爱丽丝梦游仙境》改编而来的录音段落。通过数字拼接来操控干扰的类型和位置。在实验1中，我们测试了关于填充词作用的处理时间解释。虽然填充词促进了回忆，但与填充词时长匹配的咳嗽却损害了回忆，这表明填充词的益处不能归因于增加了处理时间。在实验2中，根据常模数据来操控填充词的位置，使其对即将出现的内容具有预测性或非预测性。在这两种情况下，填充词都促进了回忆，这与听众利用过去对填充词分布的经验来预测即将出现内容的解释不一致。相反，这些结果表明了一种注意力定向解释，即填充词将注意力引向语音流，但并不总是能对即将出现的内容做出具体预测。
