Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
IUBMB Life. 2011 Aug;63(8):586-95. doi: 10.1002/iub.496. Epub 2011 Jul 15.
The currently used drug carriers for vascular drug delivery are reviewed. The human vascular system possesses unique physiological features that can be exploited for enhanced and effective targeted drug delivery. Although the thin layer of endothelial cells (EC) lines the interior surface of blood vessels forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the tissue beyond the vessel wall, it can also function as a target for drugs to EC in different vascular areas. ECs overexpress specific cell-surface molecules under various pathological conditions (tumor neovasculature, inflammation, oxidative stress, and thrombosis), which are absent or barely detectable in established normal blood vessels. By coupling unique endothelial surface markers, such as antibodies, specific peptides, and growth factors to a variety of drug carriers, effective active vascular-targeted drug delivery systems can be achieved. This review focuses on the recent advances and strategies for effective targeted vascular drug delivery using a variety of drug-loaded carriers along with new targeting approaches that can be used in the design and optimization of such carriers.
目前用于血管药物输送的药物载体得到了回顾。人类的血管系统具有独特的生理特征，可以被利用来增强和实现有效的靶向药物输送。尽管内皮细胞（EC）的薄层排列在血管的内表面，形成管腔中循环血液与血管壁外组织之间的界面，但它也可以作为药物向不同血管区域的 EC 的靶点。在各种病理条件下（肿瘤新生血管、炎症、氧化应激和血栓形成），EC 过度表达特定的细胞表面分子，而在已建立的正常血管中，这些分子几乎不存在或难以检测到。通过将独特的内皮表面标记物（如抗体、特定的肽和生长因子）与各种药物载体偶联，可以实现有效的主动靶向血管药物输送系统。本文综述了近年来使用各种载药载体进行有效靶向血管药物输送的最新进展和策略，以及新的靶向方法，这些方法可用于此类载体的设计和优化。
