Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa, Finland.
Dev Psychol. 2011 Sep;47(5):1342-52. doi: 10.1037/a0024726.
Theories on empathy development have stressed the role of socialization in general and the role of parental support in particular. This 3-wave longitudinal study of middle adolescents (N = 678) aimed to contribute to the extant research on the socialization of empathy (a) by examining the relative contribution of perceived maternal and paternal need supportive parenting on over-time changes in adolescents' emotional and cognitive aspects of empathy (i.e., empathic concern and perspective taking, respectively) and (b) by considering the possibility of reciprocal relations between perceived parenting and adolescent empathy. Whereas paternal need support consistently predicted over-time changes in perspective taking in both sons and daughters, perceived maternal need support predicted changes in empathic concern among daughters only. In addition, although less consistently so, empathy dimensions also predicted over-time changes in perceived parenting. Results are discussed in terms of the nature of empathy and in the light of domain-specific effects of each parent.
同理心发展理论强调了社会化的作用，尤其是父母支持的作用。本项针对青少年中期的 3 波纵向研究（N=678）旨在通过以下方式为同理心的社会化研究做出贡献：（a）检验感知到的父母养育方式中，对孩子的支持性需求养育和支持性反应养育对青少年同理心的情绪和认知两个方面（即共情关心和观点采择）的随时间变化的相对贡献；（b）考虑父母养育和青少年同理心之间可能存在的相互关系。虽然父亲的需求支持一直可以预测儿子和女儿的观点采择的随时间变化，但母亲的需求支持仅能预测女儿的共情关心的变化。此外，尽管不太一致，但同理心维度也可以预测随时间变化的父母感知。结果从同理心的本质和父母各自的特定领域影响的角度进行了讨论。
