瘙痒的解剖学与神经生理学
Anatomy and neurophysiology of pruritus.
作者信息
Ikoma Akihiko, Cevikbas Ferda, Kempkes Cordula, Steinhoff Martin
机构信息
Department of Dermatology and Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
出版信息
Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2011 Jun;30(2):64-70. doi: 10.1016/j.sder.2011.04.001.
Itch has been described for many years as an unpleasant sensation that evokes the urgent desire to scratch. Studies of the neurobiology, neurophysiology, and cellular biology of itch have gradually been clarifying the mechanism of itch both peripherally and centrally. The discussion has been focused on which nerves and neuroreceptors play major roles in itch induction. The "intensity theory" hypothesizes that signal transduction on the same nerves leads to either pain (high intensity) or itch (low intensity), depending on the signal intensity. The "labeled-line coding theory" hypothesizes the complete separation of pain and itch pathways. Itch sensitization must also be considered in discussions of itch. This review highlights anatomical and functional properties of itch pathways and their relation to understanding itch perception and pruritic diseases.
多年来，瘙痒一直被描述为一种令人不适的感觉，会引发搔抓的强烈欲望。对瘙痒的神经生物学、神经生理学和细胞生物学的研究逐渐阐明了瘙痒在周围和中枢的机制。讨论集中在哪些神经和神经受体在瘙痒诱发中起主要作用。“强度理论”假设，同一神经上的信号转导根据信号强度导致疼痛（高强度）或瘙痒（低强度）。“标记线编码理论”假设疼痛和瘙痒通路完全分离。在瘙痒的讨论中还必须考虑瘙痒致敏。本综述重点介绍了瘙痒通路的解剖学和功能特性及其与理解瘙痒感知和瘙痒性疾病的关系。
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