Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Res Dev Disabil. 2011 Nov-Dec;32(6):2614-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.06.013. Epub 2011 Jul 21.
According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model endorsed by the World Health Organization, participation in everyday activities is integral to normal child development. However, little is known about the influence of motor ability and weight status on physical activity participation in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). This study aimed to (1) compare motor performance, weight status and pattern of out-of-school activity participation between children with DCD and those without; and (2) identify whether motor ability and weight status were determinants of participation patterns among children with DCD. We enrolled 81 children with DCD (boys, n = 63; girls, n = 18; mean age, 8.07 ± 1.5 years) and 67 typically developing children (boys, n = 48; girls, n = 19; mean age, 8.25 ± 1.6 years). Participation patterns (diversity, intensity, companionship, location, and enjoyment) were evaluated with the Children Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment. Motor ability was evaluated with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, second edition (MABC-2). Other factors that may influence participation such as age, gender, and body weight were also recorded. Analysis of variance was used to compare outcome variables of the two groups, and significant determinants of activity participation were identified by multiple regression analysis. Children with DCD participated in fewer activities (i.e., limited participation diversity) and participated less frequently (i.e., limited participation intensity) than their typically developing peers; however, companionship, location of participation, and enjoyment level did not differ between the two groups. Children in the DCD group demonstrated significantly worse motor ability as assessed by the MABC-2. Further, a greater proportion of children in the DCD group were in the overweight/obese category compared with their typically developing peers. After accounting for the effects of age and gender, motor ability and weight category explained 7.6% and 5.0% of the variance in participation diversity, respectively, for children with DCD. Children with DCD showed less diverse and less intense out-of-school activity participation than typically developing children. Motor impairment and weight status were independently associated with the lower participation diversity. Interventions aiming at improving participation for children with DCD should target weight control and training in motor proficiency. Further study is needed to identify other factors that may hinder participation in this group of children.
根据世界卫生组织认可的《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》模式，参与日常活动是儿童正常发育的重要组成部分。然而，对于运动能力和体重状况对发育性协调障碍（DCD）儿童身体活动参与的影响知之甚少。本研究旨在：（1）比较 DCD 儿童与无 DCD 儿童的运动表现、体重状况和校外活动参与模式；（2）确定运动能力和体重状况是否是 DCD 儿童参与模式的决定因素。我们招募了 81 名 DCD 儿童（男孩 63 名，女孩 18 名，平均年龄 8.07±1.5 岁）和 67 名正常发育儿童（男孩 48 名，女孩 19 名，平均年龄 8.25±1.6 岁）。使用《儿童参与和享受评估》评估参与模式（多样性、强度、同伴、地点和享受程度）。使用《儿童运动评估测试》（MABC-2）评估运动能力。还记录了可能影响参与的其他因素，如年龄、性别和体重。采用方差分析比较两组的结果变量，采用多元回归分析确定活动参与的显著决定因素。与正常发育的同龄人相比，DCD 儿童参与的活动较少（即参与多样性有限），参与的频率也较低（即参与强度有限）；然而，两组的同伴关系、参与地点和享受程度没有差异。DCD 组儿童的 MABC-2 评估运动能力明显较差。此外，与正常发育的同龄人相比，DCD 组中有更大比例的儿童超重/肥胖。在考虑年龄和性别影响后，运动能力和体重类别分别解释了 DCD 儿童参与多样性差异的 7.6%和 5.0%。与正常发育的同龄人相比，DCD 儿童的校外活动参与度较低，且参与度较单一。运动障碍和体重状况与较低的参与多样性独立相关。旨在提高 DCD 儿童参与度的干预措施应针对体重控制和运动能力训练。需要进一步研究以确定可能阻碍这组儿童参与的其他因素。
