IVI-Valencia, Plaza de la Policía Local 3, Valencia, Spain.
Reprod Biomed Online. 2011 Sep;23(3):341-6. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.05.014. Epub 2011 May 27.
Oocyte donation is an efficient alternative to using own oocytes in IVF treatment for different indications. Unfortunately, 'traditional' (fresh) egg donations are challenged with inefficiency, difficulties of synchronization, very long waiting periods and lack of quarantine measures. Given the recent improvements in the efficiency of oocyte cryopreservation, it is reasonable to examine if egg donation through oocyte cryopreservation has merits. The objective of the current manuscript is to review existing literature on this topic and to report on the most recent outcomes from two established donor cryobank centres. Reports on egg donation using slow freezing are scarce and though results are encouraging, outcomes are not yet comparable to a fresh egg donation treatment. Vitrification on the other hand appears to provide high survival rates (90%) of donor oocytes and comparable fertilization, embryo development, implantation and pregnancy rates to traditional (fresh) egg donation. Besides the excellent outcomes, the ease of use for both donors and recipients, higher efficiency, lower cost and avoiding the problem of synchronization are all features associated with the benefit of a donor egg cryobank and makes it likely that this approach becomes the future standard of care. Oocyte donation is one of the last resorts in IVF treatment for couples challenged with infertility problems. However, traditional (fresh) egg donation, as it is performed today, is not very efficient, as typically all eggs from one donor are given to only one recipient, it is arduous as it requires an excellent synchronization between the donor and recipient and there are months or years of waiting time. Because of the development of an efficient oocyte cryopreservation technique, it is now possible to cryo-store donor (as well as non-donor) eggs, maintaining their viability and allowing their use whenever there is demand. Therefore, creating a donor oocyte cryobank would carry many advantages. In the present manuscript, the current experience with oocyte donation using cryopreservation technology is reviewed. The outcomes of two recently established donor egg cryobanks at Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad in Spain and Reproductive Biology Associates in the USA (involving a large number of cases) demonstrate that egg cryo-survival is high and that fertilization, embryo development, implantation and pregnancy rates are similar to those reported after fresh egg donation. It also provides additional advantages of being more efficient, more economical, easier for both donors and recipients and potentially also safer, because eggs can now be quarantined for 6 months (or longer) to retest for infectious diseases in the donors. It is the opinion of the authors, based on several advantages associated with the use of donor egg cryobanking, that in the future there will be fewer traditional egg donations and increasingly more cryo-egg donations.
卵母细胞捐赠是一种有效的替代方法，可用于不同适应症的 IVF 治疗中使用自身卵母细胞。不幸的是，“传统”（新鲜）卵子捐赠存在效率低下、同步困难、等待时间长和缺乏检疫措施等问题。鉴于卵母细胞冷冻保存效率的最近提高，检查卵母细胞冷冻保存是否通过卵子捐赠具有优点是合理的。本文的目的是回顾关于这个主题的现有文献，并报告两个已建立的供体冷冻库中心的最新结果。关于缓慢冷冻法进行卵子捐赠的报告很少，尽管结果令人鼓舞，但结果尚不能与新鲜卵子捐赠治疗相媲美。另一方面，玻璃化似乎提供了供体卵母细胞的高存活率（90％），并且受精、胚胎发育、着床和妊娠率与传统（新鲜）卵子捐赠相当。除了出色的结果外，供体和受体的易用性、更高的效率、更低的成本和避免同步问题都是与供体卵母细胞冷冻库的益处相关的特征，这使得这种方法很可能成为未来的护理标准。对于因不孕问题而面临挑战的夫妇来说，卵母细胞捐赠是 IVF 治疗的最后手段之一。然而，今天进行的传统（新鲜）卵母细胞捐赠效率并不高，因为通常一个供体的所有卵子都只提供给一个受体，而且由于供体和受体之间需要极好的同步性，因此这很困难，并且需要数月或数年的等待时间。由于高效的卵母细胞冷冻保存技术的发展，现在可以冷冻储存供体（以及非供体）卵母细胞，保持其活力，并在有需求时使用。因此，建立供体卵母细胞冷冻库将具有许多优势。在本文中，回顾了使用冷冻保存技术进行卵母细胞捐赠的当前经验。西班牙瓦伦西亚生育研究所和美国生殖生物学协会最近建立的两个供体卵冷冻库的结果（涉及大量病例）表明，卵母细胞冷冻保存的存活率很高，并且受精、胚胎发育、着床和妊娠率与新鲜卵捐赠后的报告相似。它还提供了更多的优势，例如更高效、更经济、对供体和受体都更容易，并且由于现在可以对卵母细胞进行 6 个月（或更长时间）的检疫以重新测试供体的传染病，因此潜在地也更安全。作者认为，基于与使用供体卵母细胞冷冻库相关的几个优势，在未来，传统的卵母细胞捐赠将减少，而冷冻的卵母细胞捐赠将增加。
