Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Addict Med. 2011 Mar;5(1):74-8. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0b013e3181db69ef.
Iran ranks first per capita in the use of opiates, but we have little information about possible differences regarding the 2 most commonly used illicit drugs, namely opium and its dross (residue).
This is a cross-sectional study.
A cross-sectional study about drug abuse and drug dependence in Iran was conducted from April 2006 to August 2008 in the prisons of 28 Iranian provinces, in the treatment centers, and in the streets.
To pursue the objectives of this research, participants included 2979 opiate addicts including opium users (n = 2636) and dross users (n = 343), who were not significantly different by gender (P = 0.269) or age (P = 0.452).
An anonymous questionnaire was completed through an interview that gathered sociodemographic characteristics and information about some high-risk behaviors.
: By the end of the study, we concluded that dross addicts, in comparison with opium addicts, were mostly immigrants from rural areas to urban areas (P = 0.031 χ test, 95% confidence interval [CI]), mostly uneducated, illiterate, or semiliterate (P = 0.04 χ test, 95% CI), had illegal occupations (P = 0.048 χ test, 95% CI), were cigarette smokers (P < 0.000 χ test, 95% CI), and had experienced drug injections (P = 0.032 χ test, 95% CI) and drug overdose (P = 0.007 χ test, 95% CI). They also had a history of hospital admission within the preceding year because of drug overdose (P < 0.000) and a record of being arrested and jailed in the past year (P = 0.028 χ test, 95% CI).
These results indicated the need for more intensive and effective care for the opioid addicts in Iran.
伊朗人均鸦片类药物使用率居世界首位，但我们对该国两种最常见的非法药物（即鸦片及其残渣）的使用情况知之甚少。
这是一项横断面研究。
2006 年 4 月至 2008 年 8 月期间，在伊朗 28 个省份的监狱、治疗中心和街头，对伊朗的药物滥用和药物依赖情况进行了一项横断面研究。
为了实现本研究的目标，纳入了 2979 名阿片类药物成瘾者，包括鸦片使用者（n=2636）和残渣使用者（n=343），他们在性别（P=0.269）或年龄（P=0.452）方面无显著差异。
通过访谈完成一份匿名问卷，收集社会人口统计学特征和一些高危行为信息。
研究结束时，我们得出结论，与鸦片成瘾者相比，残渣成瘾者大多是从农村地区到城市地区的移民（P=0.031 χ检验，95%置信区间[CI]），大多未受过教育、文盲或半文盲（P=0.04 χ检验，95%CI），从事非法职业（P=0.048 χ检验，95%CI），吸烟（P<0.000 χ检验，95%CI），且有过药物注射（P=0.032 χ检验，95%CI）和药物过量（P=0.007 χ检验，95%CI）史。他们在过去一年中因药物过量而住院（P<0.000），且在过去一年中因被捕入狱（P=0.028 χ检验，95%CI）而有被逮捕入狱的记录。
这些结果表明，伊朗需要对阿片类药物成瘾者进行更密集、更有效的护理。
