Karbakhsh Mojgan, Salehian Zandi Negar
Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Addict Behav. 2007 Sep;32(9):1835-42. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.12.014. Epub 2006 Dec 19.
The global epidemic of opiate use continues to spread and is an increasing burden especially in developing countries. Acute opiate overdose (AOO) is one of the most dramatic complications of drug abuse. The purpose of this study is to examine the epidemiology of acute opiate overdose in a poisoning center in Tehran.
In this cross-sectional survey, patients who attended the emergency room of Loghman-Hakim hospital - the only poisoning center in Tehran - and diagnosed with acute opiate overdose over a six month period were included.
Overdose was more common among men (91.2%). The mean and standard deviation of age was 36.9+/-15. The most frequent opiate agent was opium (56.5%) followed by heroin. Opium was most commonly used by regular users, as a single agent and through ingestion. Benzodiazepines, antidepressants and alcohol were the most common agents consumed accompanied with opiates. The mortality rate was 8.8% which was not significantly different between cases of heroin and opium overdose.
Opium was the major cause of overdose in our study. This result suggests that opium is not a harmless form of addiction although it is regarded as a thing of the past in many countries.
全球阿片类药物使用的流行趋势持续蔓延，尤其在发展中国家，其造成的负担日益加重。急性阿片类药物过量（AOO）是药物滥用最严重的并发症之一。本研究旨在调查德黑兰一家中毒中心急性阿片类药物过量的流行病学情况。
在这项横断面调查中，纳入了在德黑兰唯一的中毒中心——洛格曼 - 哈基姆医院急诊室就诊且在六个月内被诊断为急性阿片类药物过量的患者。
药物过量在男性中更为常见（91.2%）。年龄的均值和标准差为36.9±15。最常见的阿片类药物是鸦片（56.5%），其次是海洛因。鸦片最常被有规律的使用者作为单一药物通过口服方式使用。苯二氮䓬类药物、抗抑郁药和酒精是与阿片类药物同时使用的最常见药物。死亡率为8.8%，海洛因过量和鸦片过量病例之间无显著差异。
在我们的研究中，鸦片是过量用药的主要原因。这一结果表明，尽管在许多国家鸦片被视为过去的事物，但它并非无害的成瘾形式。
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