Rinehart Nicole J, Cornish Kim M, Tonge Bruce J
Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Psychology and Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2011;8:209-29. doi: 10.1007/7854_2010_96.
Gender is an important factor to consider in understanding the clinical presentation, management, and developmental trajectory of children with neuropsychiatric disorders. While much is known about the clinical and neurobehavioural profiles of boys with neuropsychiatric disorders, surprisingly little is known about girls. The aim of this chapter was to review our understanding of gender by considering the most prevalent childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorders, autism and Fragile X syndrome. This chapter highlights findings which suggest that girls with autism and Fragile X syndrome show some unique differences in cognitive and clinical profiles when compared to boys with these conditions; this may indicate the need for innovative assessment and management approaches which take gender into consideration. Our understanding of how differences emerge in boys and girls with neuropsychiatric disorders is unclear, future research needs to focus on the role of biological maturation rates, sex hormones, and psychosocial factors in order to progress this field.
在理解神经精神疾病患儿的临床表现、治疗及发展轨迹时，性别是一个需要考虑的重要因素。虽然我们对患有神经精神疾病男孩的临床和神经行为特征了解颇多，但令人惊讶的是，对女孩的了解却很少。本章的目的是通过研究最常见的儿童期起病的神经精神疾病——自闭症和脆性X综合征，来审视我们对性别的理解。本章强调了一些研究结果，这些结果表明，与患有这些疾病的男孩相比，患有自闭症和脆性X综合征的女孩在认知和临床特征上存在一些独特差异；这可能表明需要采用创新的评估和治疗方法，将性别因素考虑在内。我们对神经精神疾病男孩和女孩之间差异如何出现尚不清楚，未来的研究需要关注生物成熟率、性激素和社会心理因素的作用，以便推动该领域的发展。
