Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories, Monash, Medical, Nursing and Health Sciences, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia.
Microsc Microanal. 2011 Aug;17(4):520-7. doi: 10.1017/S1431927611000584. Epub 2011 Jul 19.
The process of neurogenesis and formation of neural stem cells is reported in human neurospheres (NS) and embryoid bodies (EB) derived from human embryonic stem cells, in vitro, and compared with neural tissue formed in human ectopic embryos in week 4 (stage 9), developed in vivo. This morphological study was done using digital imaging by light microscopy and routine transmission electron microscopy. Both NS and EB form neural rosettes from the surface epithelium much like the process of neural tube formation from ectoderm in the embryo. The rosette is the developmental signature of neuroprogenitors in cultures of differentiating embryonic stem cells and is a radial arrangement of columnar cells that express many of the proteins expressed in neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube. The NS produce all of the major classes of progeny of the neural tube, some of which have been documented here. Specific neural markers expressed in the NS and the clinical implications of this study in cell therapy are also discussed.
人类神经球（NS）和类胚体（EB）来源于人类胚胎干细胞，在体外可报告神经发生和神经干细胞的形成过程，并与体内形成的人类异位胚胎第 4 周（第 9 期）的神经组织进行比较。本形态学研究采用数字成像的方法，通过光学显微镜和常规透射电子显微镜进行。NS 和 EB 均从表面上皮形成神经玫瑰花结，类似于胚胎外胚层向神经管的形成过程。玫瑰花结是分化胚胎干细胞培养物中神经祖细胞的发育特征，是表达许多在神经管神经上皮细胞中表达的蛋白质的柱状细胞的放射状排列。NS 产生了神经管的所有主要祖细胞类型，其中一些已在这里记录。还讨论了 NS 中表达的特定神经标记物以及该研究在细胞治疗中的临床意义。
